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Chapter 21
Microbial Diseases of the Skin
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What do mucous membranes consist of? | Line body cavities, the epipthelial cells are attached to an extracellular matrix, cells secrete mucous, often acidic, some cells have cilia, in eyes washed by tears |
| What is normal microbiota of the skin? | Gram +, salt tolerant bacteria (staphylococci, Micrococci, Diptheroids) Grow on oils; have aerobes on surface, and anaerobes in hair follicles; yeast |
| What are specific types of the aerobes on the surface, anaerobes in the hair follicles, and of the yeast in normal microbiota of the skin? | Aerobes: Corynebacterium, Micrococci Anerobes: Propionibacterium acnes Yeast: Malassezia |
| What is exanthem? | Skin rash arising from another focus of the infection |
| What is enanthem? | Mucous membrane rash arising another focus of the infection |
| What is folliculitis? | Infections of the hair follicles |
| Sty? | Folliculitis of an eyelash |
| Furuncle? | Abscess; pus surrounded by inflamed tissue |
| Carbuncle? | Inflammation of tissue under the skin |
| Impetigo? | Crusting sores, spread by autoinoculation |
| Staphylococcus epidermidis | Gram + cocci, and coagulase - |
| Staphylococcus aureus | Gram + cocci, and coagulase + |
| What are virulence factors for S. aureus | Leukocidin, resists opsonization, survives in phagosome, lysozyme resistant, and can be antibiotic resistant |
| What are streptococcus pyogenes? | Group A beta hemolytic streptococci, Hemolysins, Hyaluronidase, Streptolysins, and M proteins |
| What are opportunistic infections by Pseudomonas aeruginosa? | It is gram -, aerobic rod Pyocyanin produces a blue-green pus Post burn infections Otitis externa, or "swimmers ear" and Pseudomonas dermatitis (hot tub folliculitis) |
| What is Inflammatory acne? | Their propionibacterium ances, which are gram + and anaerobic rods |
| What is treatment for inflammatory acne? | -Preventing sebum formation (isotretinoin) -Antibiotics -Benzoyl peroxide to loosen clogged follicles -Visible (blue) light kills P. ances |
| Warts are due to? treatment? | Papillomaviruses; by removal |
| Dermatomycoses are also known as? And they do what? | known as tineas or ringworm; and they metabolize keratin |
| What are genres of fungi involved in warts? name them. | Trichophyton: infects hair, skin, and nails Epidermophyton: infects skin and nails Microsporum: infects hair and skin, and has a topical treatment for it |
| Candidiasis may result from? | Suppression of competiting bacteria by antibiotics. |
| Candidiasis? | Occurs in skin and mucous membranes of genitourinary tract and mouth Also candida albicans (is yeast) |
| Thrush? in Candidiasis microbial disease of the skin | Is an infection of mucous membranes of mouth |
| What is scabies? And its treatment? | Sacroptes scabiei burrows in the skin to lay eggs, treatment: with topical insecticides |
| In pediculosis (lice), a microbial disease of the skin what are the names for head and body louse? | Pediculous humanus capitis (head louse) P. h. corporis (body louse) |
| What does body louse consist of? Its treatment? | Feeds on blood, lay eggs (nits) on hair, and its treatment is with topical insecticides |
| What is conjunctivitis? | An inflammation of conjunctiva, also called pink or red eye It is commonly caused by Haemophilus influenzae, and various microbes It is assoicated with unsanitary contact lens |
| What is Ophthalmia neonatorum? Caused by? Transmitted? and Prevented? | Caused by Neisseria gonorrhea. Transmitted: to a newborn's eyes during passage through the birth canal Prevention: by treating a newborn's eyes with antibiotics |
| What is Chlamydia Trachomatis? Caused by? Transmitted, n spread by? Treated with? | Causes inclusion conjunctivitis or chlamydial conjunctivitis Transmitted: to newborn's eyes during passage through birth canal Spread through swimming pools Treated with tetracycline |
| Smallpox virus (orthopox virus)has a mortality major and minor of what? | Variola major has 20% mortality & Variola minor has <1% mortality. Eradicated by vaccination |
| What is Chickenpox? Caused by/ transmitted/ prevention? | Not a “Pox” virus – a Herpesvirus) It is caused by Varicella-zoster virus (human herpesvirus 3) Transmitted: by the respiratory route Causes: pus-filled vesicles Virus may remain latent in dorsal root ganglia Prevention: Live attenuated vaccine |
| When chickenpox comes back from latency is causes? | "Shingles" -Reactivation of latent HHV-3 releases viruses that move along peripheral nerves to skin -Postherpetic neuralgia (pain) |
| What is the prevention of chicken pox coming back again from latency? | -Prevention: Live attenuated vaccine -Acyclovir may lessen symptoms |
| Herpes Simplex: Human herpesvirus 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2)?? | -Cold sores or fever blisters (vesicles on lips) -Herpes gladiatorum (vesicles on skin) -Herpetic whitlow (vesicles on fingers) -Herpes encephalitis (Very rare) -HSV-1 can remain latent in trigeminal nerve ganglia |
| Herpes Simplex: Genital Herpes ?? Its treatment | -HSV-2 can remain latent in sacral nerve ganglia -HSV-2 encephalitis: 70% fatality -Treatment: Acyclovir |
| What is measles Rubeola? | Measles virus, transmitted by respiratory route, macular rash and Koplik's spots (throat) Prevented by a vaccination |
| What is Rubella (German measles) ? | Rubella Virus -Macular rash and fever, -Congenital rubella syndrome causes severe fetal damage -Prevented by vaccination |
Created by:
lgorence
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