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Government Test 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the personal rights and freedoms that the federal government cannot abridge by law, constitution, or judicial interpretation? | Civil Liberties |
| What are the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution that largely guarantees specific rights and liberties? | Bill of Rights |
| What is the clause contained in the 5th and 14th amendments that is constructed to guarantee to individuals a variety of rights | Due Process Clause |
| What is the interpretation of the Constitution that holds that the due process clause of the 14th Amendment requires that state and local governments also guarantee those rights? | Incorporation Doctrine |
| What is a judicial doctrine whereby most but not all of the protections found in the Bill of Rights are made applicable to the state via the 14th Amendment? | Selective Incorporation |
| What is the part of the Bill of Rights that imposes a number of restriction on the federal government with respect to the civil liberties of the people, including freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition? | First Amendment |
| What is the first clause in the 1st Amendment that prohibits the national government from establishing a national religion? | Establishment Clause |
| What is the second clause in the 1st Amendment that prohibits the U.S. government from interfering with a citizen's right to practice his/her religion? | Free Exercise Clause |
| What is the constitutional doctrine that prevents government from prohibiting speech or publication before the fact? | Prior Restraint |
| What is a test articulated by the Supreme Court in Schenck vs. U.S. that draws the line between protected and unprotected speech? | Clear and Present Danger Test |
| In what test does the Supreme Court looks to see "whether the words used could create a clear and present danger that they bring about substantive evils"? | Clear and Present Danger Test |
| What is the test articulated by the Supreme Court in Brandenburg vs. Ohio that holds the advocacy of illegal action is protected by the 1st Amendment unless imminent lawless action is intended and likely to occur? | Direct Incitement Test |
| What is symbols, signs, and other methods of expression generally also considered to be protected by the 1st Amendment? | Symbolic Speech |
| What is a false written statement or written statements tending to call someone's reputation into disrepute? | Libel |
| What is untrue spoken statements of the character of a person? | Slander |
| What is the right to be left alone? | Right to Privacy |
| What is the Supreme Court case that found a woman's right to an abortion was protected by the right to privacy that could be implied from specific guarantees found in the Bill of Rights applied to the states through the 14th Amendment? | Roe vs. Wade 1973 |
| What is the government-protected right of individuals against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by government or individuals based on categories such as race, sex, age, etc.? | Civil Rights |
| What amendment banned slavery in the U.S.? | 13th Amendment |
| What amendment guarantees equal protection and due process of the law to U.S. citizens? | 14th Amendment |
| What amendment enfranchised newly freed male slaves? | 15th Amendment |
| What are the laws denying legal rights to newly freed slaves? | Black Codes |
| What is the voting qualification provision that allowed only those whose grandfather had voted before Reconstruction to vote unless they passed and wealth or literacy test? | Grandfather Clause |
| What is the name attached to give cases brought under the Civil Rights Act of 1875? | Civil Rights Case |
| In what case did the Supreme Court decide that discrimination in a variety of public accommodations could not be prohibited by the act because it was private, not state discrimination? | Civil Rights Case 1883 |
| What court case found that separate but equal accommodations did not violate the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment? | Plessy vs. Ferguson 1896 |
| What case argued that separate but equal was not really equal? | Brown vs. Board of Education 1954 |
| What put a time period on when the state must desegregate their school system at deliberate speed? | Brown vs. Board of Education 1955 |
| What was the drive for the voting right of women? | Suffrage Movement |
| What is the federal agency created to enforce toe Civil Rights Act of 1964? | Equal Employment Opportunity Commission |
| What is the intentional course of action followed by government in dealing with some problem or matter of concern? | public policy |
| What is the first step of the policy making process? | problem recognition |
| What is the 2nd step of the policy making process? | agenda setting |
| What is the 3rd step in the policy making process? | policy formulation |
| What is the 4th step in the policy making process? | policy adoption |
| What is the 5th step in the policy making process? | budgeting |
| What is the 6th step in the policy making process? | policy implemation |
| What is the 7th step in the policy making process? | policy evaluation |
| What is a set of issues that are to be discussed or given attention? | agenda |
| What is all public issues that are view as requiring governmental attention? | systematic agenda |
| What is the crafting of appropriate and acceptable proposed courses of action to ameliorate or resolve public problems? | policy formulation |
| What is the approval of a policy proposal by the people with the requisite authority? | policy adoption |
| What is the process of carrying out public policy through governmental agencies in the courts? | policy implementation |
| What is the process of determining whether a course of action is achieving its intended goals? | policy evaluation |
| What is a form of government regulation in which the national money supply and interest rates are controlled? | monetary policy |
| What is hands off governmental policy that is based on the belief that governmental involvement in the economy is wrong? | laissez faire |
| What is the economic philosophy that assumes a market will not automatically operate at a full employment, low-inflation level and suggests that the government should intervene? | Keynesianism |
| What is the economic philosophy that holds that sharply cutting taxes will increase the incentive for people to work, save, and invest? | supply-side theory |
| What is the federal economic policies that combined a monetarist fiscal policy, supply-side tax cuts, and domestic budget cutting? | Reaganomics |
| What is the form of rule in which the central government plays a strong role in regulating existing private industry and directing the economy? | Socialism |
| What is the system of government that favors free enterprise? | Capitalism |
| What is a document prepared that announces how much the government will collect in taxes and spend in revenues and how these expenditures will be allocated among the various programs? | budget |
| What is the governmental regulation of business practices, industry rates, routes, or areas serviced by particular industries? | economic regulation |
| What is a reduction in market controls? | deregulation |
| What is a situation in which there is economic growth, rising national income, high employment, and steadiness in the general lvel of prices? | economic stability |
| What is the rise in general price levels of an economy? | inflation |
| What is a short-term decline in the economy that occurs as investment sags, production falls off, and unemployment increases? | recession |
| What is a period during which business, employment, etc. decline or remain at a low level of activity? | depression |
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