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Chemistry Mrs. h

all chemistry

QuestionAnswer
Protons are found in the nucleus and have a positive charge
Electrons are found orbiting the nucleus and have a negative charge
Neutrons are found in the nucleus and have a neutral charge
Nucleus holds the protons and the neutrons
Energy levels orbit around the nucleus.
Energy levels may also be called Electron Cloud or Electron Shells
The first level can hold 2 electrons
The 2nd level can hold 8 electrons
The 3rd level can hold 8 electrons
Happy Atoms are 2, 8, 8
Atomic Mass (amu) is made up of protons and neutrons
To find the Atomic Mass add protons plus neutrons
1 proton = 1amu
1 neutron = 1amu
A = P = E Atomic # = # of Protons = # of Electrons
M-A=N Atomic Mass – Atomic # = # of Neutrons
Atomic # + # of Neutrons = Atomic Mass
Valence Electrons are The electrons that farthest away from the nucleus
The number of valance electrons can range from 1 to 8.
The columns on the periodic table are called groups 1 – 18
Groups are Also called families
Groups refers to the number of valence electrons (the number in the 1’s place tells you this)
Elements in each group all have similar properties
Valence Electrons determine the chemical properties of the element (how reactive)
The rows on the periodic table are called periods 1 – 7
Periods Tells you the number of energy levels or electron shells
Dmitri Mendeleev is credited with the creation of the 1st periodic table. He increasing atomic mass.
Dmitri Mendeleev was able to predict that there would be at least three more elements and he was able to predict were they would be on the table.
Modern periodic tables are arranged by Atomic Number.
Group 1 – are the most reactive. They have one valence electron and they are NOT happy. The one valence electron really wants to leave.
Group 18 – Noble Gases; have a full outer shell of valence electrons, so they don’t bond with any other elements; completely un-reactive and the most stable;
All atoms are neutral unless they gain or lose an electron.
When an atom gains an electron, the atom goes from having a neutral charge to having a negative charge. It is called a negative ion.
When an atom loses an electron, the atom goes from having a neutral charge to having a positive chare. It is called a positive ion.
A chemical formula is a shorthand notation that uses chemical symbols and number to represent a substance.
A chemical formula shows how many of each kind of atom are present in a molecule.
Each capital letter represents a new element (some have a lower case letter with it)
To determine the number of elements in a compound, count the number of capital letters.
SUBSCRIPTS only refer to the atom that they are BEHIND of.
COEFFICIENTS apply to the entire compound. You MULTIPLY the coefficients and SUBSCRIPTS.
If elements or compounds are inside of PARENTHESES, then the SUBSCRIPTS behind the parentheses applies to everything inside.
Balanced equations are equations that have the same number of each kind of atom on both sides of the equation;
the mass of the reactants equals the mass of the products
The Law of Conservation of Matter says that matter can neither be created or destroyed, but can be changed in form.
Physical Properties are A characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing the substances composition of matter.
Physical Changes are A change that alters the form or appearance of a material but does not make the material into a new substance.
Physical Changes occur when objects undergo a change that does not change their chemical nature.
A chemical property is Any characteristic that is observed when a substance interacts with another substance.
Burning or flammability is a chemical property.
Rusting is a chemical property.
Tarnishing is a chemical property.
Chemical change or chemical reaction is a change in matter that forms a new substance and energy is either given off or absorbed.
In a chemical change elements may combine to form compounds, or compounds may be broken down into elements, or compounds may change into other compound.
A chemical change produces a new substance with properties different from the original substances.
Signs of a chemical change include signs of an energy change (heat, light, sound), change in color, gas formation (bubbles), solid formation (precipitate), and reaction to oxygen.
Created by: taksreview
 

 



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