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Midterm 4
Physiology 2420
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| TRUE/ FALSE The force that moves air into and out of the lungs is the difference in pressure between the atmosphere and alveolus. | true |
| TRUE/FALSE Internal respiration refers to the use of oxygen and production of carbon dioxide by cells. | true |
| What is the term for the volume of air moved into the lungs every minute? | minute ventilation |
| What is the volume of air moved into and out of the lungs in a single breath during unforced breathing called? | tidal volume |
| The surface tension of the alveolus is reduced by surfactants produced by what type of cells? | type II alveolar |
| The compliance of the lungs can be determined by measuring the change in ________ for a given change in ________. | lung volume; transpulmonary pressure |
| At rest, expiration is a(n) ________ process that involves ________. | passive : relaxation of the diaphragm and external intercostals |
| As the volume of the lung increases, atmospheric pressure ________. | will not change |
| What type of cell in the respiratory tract functions in phagocytosis of inhaled pathogens and foreign particles? | macrophages |
| Site where filtrate enters renal tubules. | Bowman's capsule |
| This tubule drains into the minor calyces. | collecting duct |
| In juxtamedullary nephrons, this region sets up the medullary osmotic gradient. | loop of Henle |
| Located entirely within the cortex, reabsorption of water and certain solutes from this region is under hormonal control. | distal tubule |
| Transports urine from kidneys to bladder. | ureter |
| Filters the blood to regulate its composition. | kidneys |
| Provides negative feedback to FSH secretion, but not LH in both males and females. | inhibin |
| Triggers ovulation in females. | LH |
| True/False. The corpus luteum degenerates once fertilization occurs. | False |
| True/False. Both the corpus luteum and placenta secrete estrogens and progesterone | True |
| True/False. During the follicular phase, 10-25 follicles begin to develop but only one will usually be released at ovulation. | True |
| Which layer of the uterus is shed during menstration? | endometrium |
| The Mullerian ducts under normal conditions develop into the reproductive structures of what gender? | female |
| Which part of the blastocyst develops into the fetus? | inner cell mass |
| Milk production is stimulated by the release of which hormone? | prolactin |
| Name two hormones secreted by the corpus luteum. | Estrogen, progesterone, inhibin |
| What is the corpus albicans? | Scar tissue resulting from a degenerated corpus luteum |
| In sperm, what is the acrosome? | Contains enzymes in the head of the sperm to facilitate fertilization |
| Males are born with a finite number of spermatogonia, however the pool of potential sperm is never depleted. Why? | After mitosis in spermatogonia, one daughter cell becomes a mature sperm. The other daughter cell remains a spermatogonium. |
| Name two of the four Starling forces within the renal corpuscle. | Glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure, Glomerular osmotic pressure, Bowman’s capsule hydrostatic pressure, Bowman’s capsule osmotic pressure |
| What two structures make up the renal corpuscle? | Bowman’s capsule and the glomerulus |
| Compared to the distal tubule, the proximal tubule has (tighter / leakier) tight junctions. | leakier |
| ________ is a measure of the volume of plasma from which a substance is completely removed by the kidneys. | clearance |
| The clearance of ________ provides a measure of renal plasma flow rate. | PAH |
| The clearance of ________, a natural by-product of muscle metabolism, provides a non-invasive estimate of glomerular filtration rate. 35. | creatinine |
| Name one of the two factors that determine lung compliance. | lung elasticity, surface tension |
| (Ciliated cells / Goblet cells) are inhibited by smoking, which leads to the familiar "smoker's cough" | ciliated cells |
| What is the function of alveolar type II cells? | Secrete surfactant |
| A decrease in ________ is indicative of a restrictive pulmonary disease (I’m looking for a pulmonary function test). | vital capacity |
Created by:
GracieLou
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