+ one knee higher that other indicates possible leg length inequality
Ankle Clonus
+ Multiple beat clonus strongly suggests UMN lesion of SC or brain
Anvil Test
+ hip pain indicates hip pathology such as DJD, arthritis, Fx or others
Bakody Sign
+ raised arm above head reduces pain and relieves tension on the NRs, SNs, and brachial plexus indicating a cervical radiculopathy
Bechterew's
+ leg pain that electrical or shooting indicating radiculopathy
Beevor's
+ umbilical deviation as a result of muscle weakness or paralysis indicating lower thoracic nerve root compression or neurological demyelination
Belt Test
+ pain w/ and w/o stabilization indicates pain is lumbar in origin; + pain w/o stabilization, but no pain w/ stablization indicates pain is of pelvic/SI origin
Bonnet's Test
+ pain upon stretching the piriformis indicates sciatica or local piriformis damage
Bowstring Test
+ electrical/shooting leg pain indicating radiculopathy
Bracelet Test
+ pain upon pressure indicates wrist pathology (RA, fracture, sprain)
Brachial Stretch Test
+ symptom reproduction indicates tension problem with the brachial plexus
Braggard's Test
+ electrical/shooting leg pain indicating nerve root tension or compressive radiculopathy
Brudzinski's
+ knee flexion indicates meningeal irritation or inflammation such as meningitis, arahnoiditis, subarchnoid fibrosis, sciatic radiculopathy)
Bunnel-Littler Test
+ lack of joint movement indicates an inflammatory process in the fingers (OA, RA)
Cervical Compression
+ arm pain indicates nerve root compression or pain referral; + neck pain indciates joint and ligament strain
Cervical Distraction
+ decrease in peripheral pain as a result of decrease pressure on NRs indicates IVF encroachment and/or radiculopathy; + increase in pain indicates joint capsule sprain
Codman's Arm Drop
+ pain indicates rotator cuff tear
Dejeurine's Triad
+ leg pain indicates nerve root lesion; + local pain indicates sprain/strain
DeKleyn's
+ vertigo, blurred vision, nausea, snycope, nystagmus indicates Vert. A. ischemia on ipsi side of lesion
Doorbell Sign
+ Arm pain indicates nerve root tesion/radiculopathy; + local pain indicates cervical sprain/strain
Eden's
+ diminished pulse indicates costoclavicular TOS; + arm pain, numbness, tingling indicates TOS of neurological nature
Ely's
+ decreased motion indicates rectus femoris or hip flexion contracture
Fabere's Test
+ hip pain indicates a hip pathology
Femoral Nerve Stretch Test
+ pain/neuro Sxs to ant thigh indicates femoral nerve tension; + SI pain indicates SI sprain/strain (see Yeoman's)
Gaenslen's
+ SI pain or pain down the extended thigh indicates SI lesion such as Ant SI ligament sprain or SI inflammation
Goldthwaite's Test
+ pain before lumbar motion indicates SI lesion; + pain after lumbar motion indicates lumbar lesion
Halstead Maneuver
+ reproduction of S/Sxs such as paresthesias indicate neurovascular compression (TOS, cervical rib, Anterior Scalene Syndrome)
Heel to Shin Test
+ failure to perform or abnormal moverments indicates cerebellar dysfunction
Heel Walk
+ loss of dorsiflexion indicates LMN lesion of L4 or L5 NRs; if isolated great toe extention is weak consider L5 level
Hibb's Test
+ SI pain indicates SI lesion; + Hip pain indicates hip lesion/sprain; + radiating pain down the back of the leg indicates piriformis entrapment of sciatic nerve
Hip Circumduction
+ hip pain indicated hip lesion such as arthritis, inflammation or sprain
Hoffman's
+ clawing or gripping of thumb and fingers indicates UMN lesion (cervical spondylosis, MS, SC compression)
Kemp's
+ LBP with leg pain indicates radiculopathy; + local back pain indicates a local lesion which could possbily be a sp/st, facet syndrome, or meniscoid entrapment
+ knee flexion with trunk flexion indicates NR tension or SI/lumbar sp/st **perform Lewin Standing Test upon seeing Neri Bowing Sign
Ober's Test
+ hip pain indicates hip pathology; + trocanteric pain indicates trocanteric bursitis
Patrick's Test
+ hip pain indicates hip pathology
Romberg's Test
+ swaying/poor balance indicates post column lesion
Roo's Test
+ inability to maintain, numbness, tingling, or weakness indicates TOS
Rust Sign
+ pt supporting neck suggests possible upper cervical fx, RA, or severe sp/st.
Shoulder Depression Test
+ arm pain suggests radiculopathy; + local pain suggests cervical pathology (sp/st)
SI compression
+ pain suggests sp/st, SI lesion or Fx
SI Distraction
+ pain indicates SI sp/st or Fx
SLR
+ radicular pain suggests NR tension; + local pain suggest extradural involvement @ 0-35 degress, disc involvement @ 35-70 degrees, Lumbar jt pain @ 70-90 degrees
Soto-Hall Test
+ radicular pain indicates NR tension; + local pain indicates cervical sp/st
Swivel Chair Test
+ Vertigo indicates problem is cervical in origin
Tandem Gait
+ inability to perform indicates cerebellar lesion or influence of alcohol
Thomas Test
+ elevation of straight leg indicates hip contracture or iliopsoas tightness
Trendelenberg Test
+ pelvic lateral tilting indicates weak abductor muscles, esp glut med (conditioning or neurological deficit)
Valsalva Maneuver
+ Increase in Sxs indicate radicular syndrome (disc bulge or herniation)
Wright's Test
+ reproduction of Sxs such as numbness, tingleness, or weakness indicates TOS
Yeoman's Test
+ SI pain indicates SI sp/st; + pain/neurologic Sxs into anterior thigh suggests femoral nerve tension
Thumb Abduction Stress Test
+ pain over the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb indicates sprain due to hyperabduction, hyperextension injury; + empty endfeel &/or excessive motion indicates severe sprain joint instability, Stener lesion
+ inability to hold hand in extended position indicates wrist extensor weakness, paralysis due to radial neuropathy
Finkelstein Test
+ pain indicates De-Quervain's or Hoffman's dis/tenosynovitis; "Squeaking/crepitis" indicates intersection syndrome (tendonitis ofthe extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis)
Froment's Test
+ inability to perform indicates paralysis of palmar interossei due to ulnar neuropathy; + weakness may indicate subtle ulnar palsy
Opposition Test
+ weakness indicates median neuropathy involving opponens pollicis
Pinch Test
+inability to maintain/weak pinch grip indicates weakness of flexor pollicis longus (anterior interosseous neuropathy- deep branch of the median nerve)
Phalen's Test
+ numbness distribution of the median nerve, increased anterior pain and subsequent weakness of thumb opposition indicates carpal tunnel syndrome
Prayer Test
+ numbness distribution of the median nerve, increased anterior pain and subsequent weakness of thumb opposition indicates carpal tunnel syndrome
Cozen's Test
+ pain/weakness indicates lateral epicondylitis
Mill's Test
+ lateal elbow pain during test indicates lateral epicondylitis; + restricted ROM indicates arthritis, capsular adhesions tothe overlying common tendon, or tendon contracture
+ prominence of distal clavicle in relation to acromion indicates AC separation
Scapular Winging
+ flaring of scapula/indicates paresis/paralysis of serratus anterior; + subtle posterolateral winging indicates pareiss/paralysis of trapezius due to spinal accessory lesion
Shoulder hiking
+ elevation of ipsilateral shoulder girdle & lateral flexion of trunk to opposite side to compensate for inadequate GH mobility or weakness indicates frozen shoulder, cuff tears, and advanced osteoarthritis; + subtle hiking could prove to be a muscle imb
Sulcus Test
+ increased motion indicates dislocation, excessive inferior translation, accentuation of the sulcus sign, inferior or multidirectional instability
Dugas Test
+ inability to complete test indicates anterior GH dislocation
Apley's Superior Scratch Test
+ pain indicative of impingement, rotator cuff pathology, AC arthritis, labral pathology, GH arthritis, subacromial bursitis or GH capsular pathology; + inability to complete maneuver indicates capsular contracture &/or internal GH rotator tightness
Apley's Inferior Scratch Test
+ inability to complete maneuver indicates external GH rotator tightness or pathology, labral pathology, or capsular contracture
Codman's Drop Test
+ pain/weakness indicates "painful arc syndrome" (bursitis, rotator cuff strain, tendonitis or impingement); + patient unable to maintain 90 degrees abducted position against gravity (less than +3/5 muscle strength) indicates severe injury (grade 3 cuff
Anterior Apprehension Test
+ excessive anterior translation, dislocation or evidence of patient apprehension indicates anterior instability (inferior glenohumeral ligament laxity)
Faegin's Test
+ clunk/excessive inferior translation indicates inferior or multidirectional instability
Yergason's Test
+ pain &/or weakness indicates biceps strain/tendonitis; + snap or pop indicates subluxating biceps (long head) tendon
+ pain during active flexion indicating shoulder impingement syndrome; + pain in internal rotation indicates supraspinatus impingement; + pain in external rotation indicates biceps long head impingement
Hyperextension Test
+ pain in shoulder indicates biceps tendinitis
Speed's Test
+ pain indicates bicipital tendonitis, may produce pain with SLAP lesion
Empty Can Test
+ pain/weakness indicates injury/lesion of supraspinatus
Crank Test
+ shoulder pain and crepitus (grinding or popping0 indicating a labral tear
Clunk Test
+ pain with associated clunk or grinding indicates labral tear, may also produce apprehension if shoulder is unstable
O'Brien's Test
+ GH pain and crepitus & reduced or eliminated during the 2nd part indicates a labral tear; + Anterior shoulder pain increased with palm up indicates biceps tendonitis
Beef Production
