Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
ANTH Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Domestication | The modification of plants and animals that are distinct from wild species and dependent on humans |
| diseases of civilization | chronic diseases such as heart disease and obesity that characterize modern societies. it is a result of lack of exercise and high fat diets |
| culture | learned patterns of thought and behavior characteristic of a particular group |
| Mesolithic | this period marks the shift from food gathering to food production. |
| Neolithic | stage in cultural evolution marked by the appearance of stone tools and the domestication of plants and animals |
| agriculture | the cultivation of animals, plants, and other life forms for food, fiber, and other products used to sustain life. |
| paleopathology | the study of disease patterns in extinct populations, primarily through the examination of skeletal remains |
| domestication | Evolutionary process whereby humans modify the genetic makeup of a population of plants or animals |
| Material Culture | the objects that people leave behind. it may be intentional (written accounts) or unintentional (trash/discard) |
| State | complex society with urban centers, agriculture, labor specialization, standing armies, permanent borders, taxation, centralized authority, public works, and laws to maintain status quo |
| Dickson Mounds | a Native American settlement site and burial mound complex near Lewistown, Illinois. It is a large burial complex containing at least two cemeteries, ten burial mounds, and a platform mound. |
| Porotic hypertosis | a disease that causes red blood cell production in bone marrow expands and becomes porous. this disease was twice as common in children in the Woodlands than the Mississippian |
| SIDS | sudden infant death syndrome |
| Artifact | portable materials that humans manufacture or modify |
| archaeology | is a branch of anthropology that studies material culture to understand past populations |
| Paleolithic | old stone age; the archaeological period that includes the beginning of culture to the end of the pliestocene glaciation |
| ethnocentrism | the assumption that one's own group's lifestyle, values, and patterns of adaptation are superior to all others |
| obsidian | a naturally occurring volcanic glass formed as an extrusive igneous rock. |
| sedentism | term applied to the transition from nomadic to permanent, year-round settlement. |
| Broad spectrum collecting | |
| Mississipian tradition | prehistoric native American culture in the American Midwest, characterized by mound building, maize horticulture, and a particular set of mortuary customs |
| food production | |
| Archaic | |
| Cahokia | |
| Late Woodland | mobile population of the Central Tombigbee River. Hunter gatherers, with an inegalitarian social status. Acorn was primary carb and maize was rare. Social ranking not present in burials, less elaborate mortuary program |
| Enamel hypolasias | shows evidence of growth arrest in early childhood. Weaning stress could be seen mostly in the Mississipians than the Woodlands |
| evolutionary medicine | an anthropological approach to disease, symptoms, and medical care based upon our evolutionary heritage |
| Why is reliance on a single crop like maize problematic? | |
| According to Charles Orser, why is ethnicity difficult to discern in the archaeological record? | |
| adaptive customs | |
| cultural relativism | the principle that all cultural systems are inherently equal in value, and therefore, that each cultural item must be understood on its own terms |
| fieldwork | the hallmark of research in cultural anthropology, it usually involves long-term residence with the people being studied |
| maladaptive customs | |
| norms | standards of behavior characteristic of a society or social group to which members are expected to conform |
| participant-observation | the primary research method of cultural anthropology , involving long term observations conducted in natural settings |
| society | a socially bounded, spatially contiguous group of people who interact in basic economic and political institutions and share and particular culture, societies retain relative stability across generations |
| subculture | the culture of a subgroup of a society that has its own distinctive ideas, beliefs, values and worldview |
| Why is participant observation important to anthropology? | |
| accent | |
| codeswitching | |
| phonology | The study of the sounds used in language. |
| protolanguage | A parent language for many ancient and modern languages. |
| symbolic communication | |
| enculturation | |
| morphology | the study of form and structure as opposed to function |
| phoneme | A unit of sound that distinguishes meaning in a particular language. |
| morpheme | The smallest units of a language that convey meaning. |
| syntax | the word order or pattern of word order in a phrase or sentence |
| Ishi | |
| what are some unique features of human language | |
| what makes human communication symbolic? | |
| band foragers | |
| chiefdom | a society more complex than a tribal society, characterized by social ranking, a redistributive economy, and a centralized political economy |
| headman | |
| production | |
| consumption | |
| Karl Marx | |
| Commercialization | |
| Intensive agriculture | |
| Food Collection | |
| Peasants | rural, agricultural populations of state-level societies who maintain parts of their traditional culture while they are tied into the wider economic system of the whole society through economic links of rent, taxes, and markets |
| Reciprocity | a system of mutual interaction involving the regular exchange of goods or services (example: inviting someone over because they had you over for dinner) |
| Redistribution | |
| Chief | the political leader of a society that is more complex than a tribal society and is characterized by social ranking, a redistributive economy, and a centralized political economy |
| Headman | |
| Tribal Organization | |
| Codified Laws | |
| Pastoralism | |
| Yanomamo | |
| tribe (horticulturalist) | a relatively small, horticultural society organized on principles of kinship, characterized by little social stratification and no centralized political authority, and whose members share a culture and language. |
| distribution | |
| balanced reciprocity | |
| horticulture | a plant cultivation system based upon relatively low energy input, like gardening by using only one hoe or digging stick, often involves use of the slash-and-burn technique |
| hunter-gatherers | peoples who subsist on the collection of naturally occurring plants and animals; food foragers |
| market or commercial exchange | |
| food production | |
| foragers | hunting and gathering; the original human economic system relying on the collection of natural plant and animal food sources |
| generalized reciprocity | |
| slash and burn | shifting form of cultivation with recurrent, alternate clearing and burning of vegetation and planting in the burnt fields; swidden |
| raiding | |
| warfare | |
| state organization | |
| mediation | the role of a disinterested 3rd party in order to settle a dispute |
| !Kung or Ju/hoansi | |
| Plasticity | the ability of many organisms, including humans, to alter themselves behaviorally or biologically in response to changes in the environment. |
| acclimatization | involves physical adjustments in individuals to environmental conditions. like tanning in response to UV radiation |
| Race | a discrete typological unit; folk category based on arbitrarily selected phenotypic traits |
| Cline | gradual shift in gene frequencies between neighboring populations. |
| feature | are non portable material culture (post mold, hearth, storage pit, burials) |
| survey | systematic examination of a larger area to determine the potential for containing archaeological sites or historic properties. |
| Bioarchaeology | study of health and behavior from the skeleton |
Created by:
asculpepper
Popular Anthropology sets