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Dysmorphology Extrem
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Week 5 | 1. Arm and leg buds appear 2. Lower limb develop lags behind upper 3. End=paddle shaped hand/foot plates |
| Week 6 | 1. Rapid lengthening 2. First sign of joint development |
| Week 7 | 1. Continued growth 2. End=appearance of hand/foot bones |
| Week 12 | 1. Ossification of long bone begins 2. Hand movements begin |
| Landmarks | 1. Axis of limbs 2. Longitudinal segments 3. Bones 4. Joints 5. Palm |
| Longitudinal segments | 1. Rhizomelic (upper arms/thighs) 2. Mesomelic (forearms/legs) 3. Acromelic (hands/feet) |
| Joints | 1. Hinge (knee) 2. Ball and socket (hip) 3. Compound (wrist) 4. Connective tissue (ligaments/tendon) |
| Planta arch | 1. Pes cavus (high arch) 2. Pes planus (flat foot) |
| Minor variants: joints | 1. Loose jointedness 2. Pes planus |
| Minor anomalies: joints | 1. Genu varum (bowleg) 2. Genu valgum (knock-knee) |
| Minor variants: hands/feet | 1. Single palmar crease 2. Deep plantar crease 3. Absences of flexion crease (inadequate movement of underlying joints |
| Minor anomalies: hands/feet | 1. Clinodactyly 2. Polydactyly 3. Tapered fingers 4. Syndactyly 5. Shortened fourth metacarpal 6. Overriding toes 7. Hammertoes |
| Deformations: limbs | 1. Tibial bowing 2. Femoral bowing 3. Tibial/femoral torsion (intoeing/outtoeing) |
| Disruptions | 1. Amniotic bands 2. Joints (acquired and traumatic arthritis) |
| Dysplasias: limbs | 1. Diminished muscle mass 2. Bulky firm muscles 3. Bone fragility 4. Skeletal dysplasias |
| Skeletal dysplasias of limbs | 1. Inadequate bone growth (longitudinal shortening) 2. Bone overgrowth (exostoses) |
| Dysplasias: joints | 1. Limited movement 2. Hypermobility 3. Dislocations 4. Enlargements |
| Dysplasias: hands/feet | 1. Phalangeal broadening 2. Metacarpal/metatarsal hypoplasia 3. Proximally place thumb 4. Brachydactyly 5. Small hands/feet (not disproportioned) |
| Malformations: limbs | 1. Macrosomia (Weaver) 2. Disproportionately long limbs (Marfan & Stickler) 3. Limb asymmetry (hemihypertrophy) 4. Longitudinal defects 5. Transverse defects 6. Intercalcary defects |
| Malformations: longitudinal defects | 1. Radial aplasia 2. Tibial aplasia |
| Malformations: transverse defects | 1. Usually some degree of hypoplasia of remaining proximal structures 2. Distal stump-rudimentary digits |
| Malformations: intercalcary defects | 1. Proximal portion fails to develop right 2. distal structures relatively develop 3. Phocomelia 4. Total amelia |
| Malformations: joints | 1. Joint webbing 2. Joint contractures 3. Genu varum 4. Genu valgum 5. Genu recurvatum |
| Malformations: hands/feet | 1. Campltodactyly 2. Ulnar deviation of fingers (Freeman-Sheldon) 3. Longitudinal skeletal defects 4. Duplication of digits 5. Syndactyly 6. Polysyndactyly 7. Localized overgrowth |
| Malformation: longitudinal skeletal defects | 1. Triphalangeal thumb 2. Ectrodatyly 3. Monodactyly |
| Malformation: Duplication of digits | 1. Postaxial polydactyly 2. Preaxial polydactyly 3. Multiple polydactyly |
| malformation: localized growth | 1. Macrodactyly (overgrowth of just one digit) 2. Arachnodactyly (elongated fingers) 3. Broad thumb (Rubenstein-Taybi) |
Created by:
kwilliams0228
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