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Emergency MR
McGraw-Hill Emergency Medical Responder 2nd Edition Ch.27
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Soft tissues | The layers of the skin and the fat and muscle beneath them. |
| Helps regulate body temperature, Senses heat, cold, touch, pressure, and pain, Helps maintain fluid balance, and Protects underlying tissues from injury. | Skin |
| Wound | An injury to the soft tissues. |
| Occurs when the soft tissues under the skin are damaged but the surface of the skin is not broken. | Closed wound |
| Open wound | Occurs when the skin surface is broken. |
| An extreme loss of blood from a blood vessel (major bleeding). | Hemorrhage |
| Hemophilia | A disorder in which the blood does not clot normally. |
| Bleeding that spurts with each heartbeat, difficult to control (bright red). | Arterial bleeding |
| Venous bleeding | Bleeding that flows steadily, normally easier to control because it is under less pressure(dark red, maroon). |
| Bleeding where blood oozes slowly, dark red in color, often clots and stops by itself whithin a few minutes because it is under very low pressure. | Capillary bleeding |
| External bleeding | Bleeding that you can see, blood flows through an open wound, such as a cut, scrape, or puncture. |
| Methods used to control external bleeding | Applying direct pressure to the wound, Applying a splint, Applying a tourniquet (if bleeding is severe and cannot be controlled with direct pressure). |
| Direct pressure | Firm force applied to a bleeding site with gloved hands or bandages to control bleeding. |
| Absorbent material placed directly over a wound. | Dressing |
| Pressure bandage | Material, such as roller gauze, that is applied snugly to create pressure on a wound and hold a dressing in place over it. |
| A broken bone that penetrates the skin. | Compound fracture |
| Splint | A device used to limit the movement of an injured arm or leg and reduce bleeding and discomfort. |
| An air splint that acts as a pressure bandage, applying even pressure to the entire arm or leg | Pressure splint |
| Pneumatic antishock garment (PASG) | A device that can be used as a pressure splint to help control suspected severe bleeding in the abdomen or pelvis that is accompanied by hypotension. |
| A tight bandage that surrounds an arm or a leg and is used to stop the flow of blood in the extremity. | Tourniquet |
| Internal bleeding | Bleeding that occurs inside body tissues and cavities. |
| A soft tissue injury that results when the body is struck by a blunt object; there is no break in the skin, but the tissues and vessels beneath the skin surface are crushed or ruptured. | Closed soft tissue injury |
| Ecchymosis | A bluish discoloration caused by leakage of blood into the skin or mucous membrane. |
| A localized collection of blood beneath the skin caused by a tear in a blood vessel. | Hematoma |
| Crush injury | Trauma caused by a compressing force applied to the body (compression injury). |
| A soft tissue injury in which a break occurs in the skin. | Open soft tissue injury |
| Abrasion | Occurs when the outermost layer of skin is damaged by rubbing or scraping. |
| A cut or tear in the skin of any length, shape, and depth. | Laceration |
| Puncture wound | Occurs when the skin is pierced with a sharp, pointed object. |
| An object that remains embedded in an open wound | Impaled object |
| Avulsion | An injury in which a piece of skin or tissue is torn loose or pulled completely off. |
| The separation of a body part from the rest of the body. | Amputation |
| Abrasion, Laceration, Penetration, puncture wound, Avulsion, Open crush injury, and Amputation | Types of open wounds |
| Penetrating chest injury | A break in the skin over the chest wall. |
| Occurs when an organ sticks out through an open wound. | Evisceration |
| Sucking chest wound | A chest injury in which air moves into the pleural cavity through an open chest wound, creating a sucking or gurgling sound when air escapes from the wound when the patient breaths in. |
| The entry of air into the circulation through a blood vessel that is torn and exposed to the air. | Air embolism |
| Subcutaneous emphysema | Air trapped beneath the skin; a crackling sensation under the fingers that suggests laceration of a lung and the leakage of air into the pleural space. |
| A burn that affects only the epidermis | Superficial burn (first-degree burn) |
| Partial-thickness burn (second-degree burn) | A burn that involves the epidermis and dermis. |
| A burn in which the epidermis and dermis are destroyed; the burn may also involve subcutaneous tissue, muscle, and bone. | Full-thickness burn (third-degree burn) |
| Cercumferential burn | Swelling from a burn that encircles an extremity. |
| Facial burns, Soot in the nose or mouth, Singed facial or nasal hair, Swelling of the lips or the inside of the mouth, Coughing, An inability to swallow secretions, and A hoarse voice. | Signs and symptoms of possible inhalation injury. |
| Bandage | Material used to secure a dressing in place. |
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Jimmyc
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