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HUN2202 Nutrition
pike mid term Human Nutrition and Diet Therapy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| All of the following are characteristics of the process of digestion except | C. saliva contains enzymes that digest sugars fats and |
| A diet for a person with a fat malabsorption syndrome would typically contain how many grams of fat? | C. 25 to 50 grams |
| Which of the following foods would be the most appropriate for a person with diverticulosis? | D. wheat bran |
| All of the following meet the guidelines for a post-gastrectomy diet except | A. unlimited liquids with meals |
| An appropriate food for a client with celiac disease is | C. applesauc |
| All of the following are included in medical nutrition therapy for constipation except | B. a low-fiber diet |
| Three-year-old Jenny is on antibiotics for 10 days. In order to prevent complications her mother was advised to add _____ to her diet. | D. yogurt |
| The purpose of bicarbonate in the digestive process is to | A. raise the pH of chyme |
| Why is there little or no digestion of starch in the stomach? | D. Salivary enzymes do not work in an acid environment |
| The home health care nurse is visiting Paul Cantu an 82-year-old man recovering from a stroke. Upon assessment the nurse observes that Mr. Cantu has lost weight has a hoarse voice and exhibits a gurgling noise after swallowing. In this situation the | B. dysphagia |
| The backflow of gastric contents from the stomach into the mouth is | D. A. an esophageal stricture.B. heartburn. C. reflux |
| Into what region of the intestinal tract does the stomach empty? | D. Duodenum |
| Examples of liquids that can be incorporated into a diet for a client with an order for spoon-thick liquids include all of the following except | C. yogurt |
| What is used to diagnose the cause of dysphagia? | E. A. barium swallow study B. endoscopy in the esophageal lumen C. neurological examination |
| What structure controls the passage of material from the small intestine to the large intestine? | B. Ileocecal valve |
| In the healthy state the lining of the small intestine has millions of villi but in certain diseases the intestine appears "shaved" when viewed under a microscope. Which of the following would be the most likely consequence of not having these villi? | B. Nutrient absorption will be poor |
| For patients with celiac disease dietitians recommend adapting their diets by | A. following a gluten-free diet |
| Dan an alcoholic for the past 20 years has been diagnosed with chronic pancreatitis. How can his physician determine whether pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy is helping Dan or not? | B. monitor his fecal fat concentrations |
| Steve is finally able to eat solid foods after being hospitalized with acute pancreatitis six days ago. Which kind of diet would be most appropriate at this time? | D. low |
| Pain bloating or discomfort in the upper abdominal area is termed | B. dyspepsia |
| Which of the following is a description of chyme? | B. A semiliquid mass of partially digested food released by the stomach into the small intestine |
| What is a bolus? | B. Portion of food swallowed at one time |
| Inflammation and lesions along the ileum and colon are called | B. Crohn’s disease |
| What structure controls the release of material from the stomach to the small intestine? | B. Pyloric sphincter |
| Which of the following body organs does not secrete digestive enzymes? | A. Liver |
| Dietary recommendations for a person with diverticulosis include a | A. high-fiber diet |
| Which of the following is a feature of peristalsis? | D. It consists of wavelike muscular contractions resulting from alternate tightening and relaxing of circular muscles and longitudinal muscles |
| All of the following may be caused by dumping syndrome except | B. a reduction in heart rate |
| Which of the following is not a sphincter muscle? | C. Duodenum |
| Frequent reflux of highly acidic gastric fluids results in | A. inflammation and scarring of the esophagus |
| Which of the following is a common source of resistant starch? | Unripe bananas |
| In what organ is most of the body's glycogen found? | Muscles |
| Which one of the following characteristics is not associated with metabolic syndrome? | elevated HDL |
| Although the precise cause of metabolic syndrome is not known the close relationship between _____ and _____ is thought to be partly responsible. | abdominal obesity_and_ insulin resistance |
| Which of the following has the greatest effect on blood glucose? | carbohydrate |
| Diet plans for patients with diabetes should provide _____ carbohydrate sources. | consistent |
| Which of the following plays a major role in the breakdown of certain types of dietary fiber in the large intestine? | Bacteria |
| All of the following foods are rich sources of soluble fiber except | legumes |
| Which of the following ethnic populations has the lowest relative risk for developing type 2 diabetes? | European Americans |
| Which of the following is a characteristic of dietary fibers? | They are classified according to solubility in water |
| A person with a fasting blood glucose level of 120 mg/dL would be classified as | prediabetic |
| Which of the following is a typical response of the body to changes in blood glucose? | Blood glucose levels that fall too low signal the release of glucagon |
| Which of the following is not a simple carbohydrate? | Starch |
| After you and your friend Dolores share pretzels and animal crackers she announces that she wants to start digesting her food by watching television. You inform Dolores that | carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth through the action of amylase so she has already begun digesting the snacks |
| All of the following are properties of fiber except | it elevates blood glucose levels |
| Sweating shakiness and disorientation are all symptoms of | hypoglycemia |
| All of the following are symptoms of lactose intolerance except | constipation |
| Which of the following contains the least amount of fiber? | White rice |
| Prediabetes is used to classify blood glucose levels between normal and those of diabetes; that is if a fasting plasma glucose is between: | 100 and 125 mg/dL |
| Which of the following best describes clients with type 2 diabetes? | weight loss needed |
| _____ are the leading cause of death in people with diabetes accounting for 70% of deaths. | Cardiovascular diseases |
| Which of the following is a feature of diabetes? | Dietary management should focus on total carbohydrate intake rather than the type of carbohydrate consumed |
| What is the primary storage form of carbohydrate in the body? | Glycogen |
| Type 2 diabetes generally develops in children and teens who | all of the above |
| All of the following are sources of dietary carbohydrates except | fish |
| What is the primary absorption site for digestible carbohydrates? | Small intestine |
| When blood glucose concentration falls what pancreatic hormone is secreted to stimulate release of stored glucose? | Glucagon |
| If an individual with diabetes has an elevated LDL cholesterol level saturated fats should be limited to <_____ percent of kcalories and cholesterol intake should be limited to <_____ milligrams daily. | 7 200 |
| Which of the following is not a rich source of dietary starch? | Fruits |
| Glycogen is stored mainly in which of the following tissues? | Muscle and liver |
| For what length of time should a person with a high risk of CHD try to lower LDL cholesterol with a trial of Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) before considering drug therapy? | D. 3-6 months |
| Total cholesterol of 242 mg/dL would be classified as | D. high. |
| Which of the following foods contains cholesterol? | D. Roasted |
| What is the highest total blood cholesterol concentration (mg/dL) that falls within the desirable range? | C. 199 |
| Ronnie eats a fairly balanced diet but wants to include a good source of omega-3 fats. Which of the following should be your recommendation? | B. Salmon |
| ______dietary fat is shown to have the strongest effect on blood cholesterol levels and TLC’s recommendation is that it contribute less than _____ percent of total kcalories. | B. Saturated 7 |
| A meal providing 1200 kcalories contains 10 g of saturated fats 14 g of monounsaturated fats and 20 g of polyunsaturated fats. What is the percentage of energy supplied by the lipids? | B. 33 |
| According to the Dietary Guidelines what should be the maximum total fat intake as a percentage of energy intake? | D. 50 |
| An omega-3 fatty acid has its first double bond on the | C. third carbon from the methyl end. |
| What lipoprotein is responsible for transporting cholesterol back to the liver from the periphery? | C. High-density lipoprotein |
| Which of the following is a characteristic of cholesterol? | B. It is a precursor for bile and vitamin D synthesis |
| A high risk of heart attack correlates with high blood levels of | C. low-density lipoproteins |
| In which form are most dietary lipids found? | C. Triglycerides |
| A low risk of cardiovascular disease correlates with high blood levels of | C. high-density lipoprotein |
| Obesity is to type 2 diabetes as high _____ is/are to atherosclerosis. | C. |
| Important factors in the selection of a margarine product include all of the following except | C. it should contain primarily omega-3 fatty acids. |
| All of the following are consequences of smoking tobacco except | B. it lowers blood pressure |
| Which of the following has the highest percentage of its fat in saturated form? | D. Coconut oil |
| Which of the following has the highest percentage of its fat in polyunsaturated form? | B. Corn oil |
| Which of the following describes a fatty acid that has one double bond? | C. Monounsaturated |
| A source of omega-3 fatty acids is | D. fish oil. flaxseeds |
| Which of the following vegetable oils is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids? | B. Canola |
| All of the following are rich sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids except | A. palm oil |
| What is the major sterol in the diet? | C. Cholesterol |
| After a meal most of the fat that eventually empties into the blood is in the form of particles known as | B. chylomicrons |
| Approximately how many grams of fat would be contained in an 800-kcalorie meal that provides 50% of the energy from carbohydrate 20% from protein and the remainder from fat? | C. 27 |
| Which of the following removes cholesterol from circulation? | B. HDL |
| What is the major source of "good" cholesterol? | C. Endogenous synthesis |
| A recommendation for clients with hypertension is a low-sodium diet that is | A. high in potassium and high in calcium |
| What type of fatty acid is found in high amounts in olive oil? | B. Monounsaturated |
| Upon eating a hamburger in what organ is the hydrolysis of its proteins initiated? | B. Stomach |
| If the diet is lacking an essential amino acid what will be the course of action? | B. Protein synthesis will be limited |
| What is the most likely explanation for the fatty liver that develops from protein deficiency? | D. Inability of the liver to synthesize lipoproteins for fat export |
| Which of the following do(es) not function as a transport protein? | A. Collagen |
| What is the process by which heat or acidity disrupts the normal shape of a protein chain? | C. Denaturation |
| Which of the following can raise the energy needs of a critically ill patient? | B. mechanical ventilation |
| The function of protease is to | A. hydrolyze proteins |
| What primary factor governs the quality of a food protein? | B. Essential amino acid content |
| What element is found in proteins but not in carbohydrates and fats? | D. |
| Which of the following statements is not characteristic of enzymes? | D. They are involved in synthesis reactions only |
| Which of the following is not a characteristic of marasmus? | B. Affects brain development only minimally |
| Which of the following is a feature of an essential amino acid? | B. It must be supplied by the diet |
| Protein sparing in the body is best achieved when a person ingests | C. adequate levels of carbohydrate and fat |
| As a result of immune and inflammatory responses to stress all of the following changes occur except | B. lower respiratory rate |
| For critically ill patients _____ provide the majority of energy. | C. fat and carbohydrate |
| Clinicians suggest providing _____ to meet protein daily requirements for most patients under severe stress. | B. 1.0 to 2.0 g protein/ kg bodyweight |
| A whole-body response to inflammation that persists for more than a few days and remains unresolved is called | A. systemic inflammatory response syndrome |
| In response to metabolic and respiratory stress the body experiences | B. breakdown of muscle mass |
| After digestion of proteins what products are absorbed into the circulation? | D. Free amino acids and a few dipeptides and tripeptides |
| During metabolic stress which of the following metabolic changes would be expected? | D. A. hypoglycemia C. negative nitrogen balance |
| As a general rule what minimum number of kcalories per day is necessary to ensure nutritional adequacy in an eating plan for reducing body weight? | C. 1200 |
| Which of the following defines the body's set point? | D. Point above which the body tends to lose weight and below which it tends to gain weight |
| All of the following are an association between type 2 diabetes and body fat except | D. overweight people with the disease who lose weight show no improvement in glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. |
| Which of the following is characteristic of the eating pattern of people with bulimia nervosa? | C. Binge eating typically occurs after a period of strict dieting |
| A high risk of weight-related health problems is seen in women whose waist circumference begins to exceed | C. 35 inches |
| What is the best approach to weight loss? | D. Reduce daily energy intake and increase energy expenditure |
| Among the following which is the most important strategy for an underweight person who wishes to achieve a healthy body weight? | A. A high-kcalorie diet plus regular exercise |
| Jim is a 45 year old who eats fast food at least 3 times a week and smokes a pack of cigarettes each day. He just had a physical examination and was told that his body mass index is 24. In what category would Jim's BMI be classified? | D. Healthy weight |
| All of the following are features of high-protein diets except | C. they provide for long-term weight maintenance |
| Which of the following does not decrease the metabolic rate? | A. Fever |
| Which of the following is a significant factor associated with interpretation of body composition values? | C. It is possible that muscular people may be classified as overweight |
| What is the primary action of orlistat a weight loss drug? | C. It inhibits pancreatic lipase |
| Which of the following would be most effective at lowering energy intake in a person on a weight reduction program? | B. Select less energy-dense foods |
| Tom was overweight when he was 13. During puberty he continued to gain weight steadily until at age 23 when he decided to lose weight. Tom successfully lost 50 pounds. Which of the following most likely happened to Tom's fat cells? | A. They shrank in size but did not decrease in number |
| What is the main explanation for the difference in basal metabolic rates between males and females of the same body weight? | C. Males have a higher percentage of lean body mass |
| The known health risks for being underweight include all of the following except | A. diabetes |
| An index of a person's weight in relation to height is called | A. body mass index |
| In a weight reduction regimen the most realistic time frame for losing 10% of initial body weight is | C. 6 months |
| Which of the following factors has the most influence on the body's metabolic rate? | D. Amount of lean body tissue |
| Which of the following is a feature of leptin? | B. It is a satiety signal |
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