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Abdominal assessment
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Prior to an abdominal assessment, what should you have your client do | empty their bladder, lay flat with knees slightly flexed and take slow deep breaths to promote relaxation before exam |
| Sequence of assessment for the abdomen | Inspect, Auscultate, Percuss, Palpate |
| purple discoloration at the flanks indicate | bleeding within the abdominal wall |
| Pale, taut skin may be seen with | ascites (fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity) usually results from liver failure or liver disease |
| Dilated veins may be seen with | cirrhosis of the liver, obstruction of the inferior vena cava, portal hypertension or ascites |
| normal findings of Striae (stretch marks) | old, silvery, white straie. bluish-pink striae are associated with cushing syndrome. |
| Bluish or purple discoloration around umbilicus indicates | intra-abdominal bleeding |
| A deviated umbilicus may be caused by | pressure from a mass, enlarged organ, hernia, fluid or scar tissue |
| Keloids are more common in | African Americans and Asians |
| Abdominal contours | Flat (-) Scaphoid- (u) Rounded- (n) Distended/protuberant (d) |
| A bulging in the abdominal wall may indicate | hernia |
| The patient head is slightly lifted while assessing the abdomen this helps identify | masses |
| Vigorous, wide spread pulsation may been seen with | abdominal aortic aneurysm (slight pulsation is normal) |
| With intestinal obstruction, peristaltic waves are incrased and progress in a rippled-like fashion from the ___ to the ___. | Left upper quadrant (LUQ) to the right lower quadrant (RLQ) |
| What is the rate of normal bowel sounds. | 5-30 bowel sounds per minute. (intermittent, soft clicks and gurgles) |
| Hypoactive bowel sounds indicate.. Hyperactive bowel sounds indicate.. Decreased or absent bowel sounds indicate.. | Hyperactive-diarrhea, gastroenteritis or early bowel obstruction Hypoactive- diminished bowel motility and caused by abdominal surgery or late bowel obstruction Absent or decreased- requires emergency referral |
| When a bruit is heard over the abdominal aorta? | aneurysm or arterial stenosis |
| Generalized tympany(high pitched) is usually heard over the abdomen because | of air in the stomach and intestines |
| Hepatomegaly is | when the liver span exceeds normal limits (enlarged) is characteristic of liver tumors, cirrhosis, abscess, or vascular engorgement |
| The normal liver span at the MSL (mid-sternal line) is | 4-8 cm |
| Light palpation depth | 1 cm |
| Deep palpation depth | 5-6 cm |
| The spleen is normally palpable, if the spleen is palpable this may indicate | chronic blood disorder, cancer, mononucleosis |
| Blumberg's sign is | when the client has rebound tenderness when he or she perceives sharp, stabbing pain as the examiner releases pressure form the abdomen |
| Pain in the RLQ during pressure in the LLQ is a positive _____ sign. | Rovsing's It suggests acute appendicitis |
| Polyuria | Increased frequency of urine |
| Oliguria | Decreased frequency of urine |
| Anuria | Without urine |
| Nocturia | Getting up in the middle of the night to use to the bathroom (frequent) |
| Dysuria | Painful urination |
| Incontinence | Cant go to the bathroom |
| Character of abdominal pain & implications | Dull & achy Burning, gnawing pressure Colicky (permanent, tight muscles) sharp, knifelike |
| Referred pain | Travels or refers from the primary site and becomes highly localized at the distant site. Example: right neck pain-gallbladder, left shoulder pain-pancreas or spleen |
| Risk factors for gallbladder | women, obesity, smoking, diet |
Created by:
Jmariez
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