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Endocrine A&P Ch 11
Endocrine System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the Endocrine system | a system of glands, each of which secretes a type of hormone into the bloodstream to regulate the body |
| what is a gland | any organ producing secretions |
| what are the 2 types of glands | Endocrine & Exocrine |
| Endocrine Glands - Internal Secretion function | secrete directly into bloodstream, carried to entire body |
| Endocrine Glands - Produce Hormone | substance created by the gland |
| Endocrine Gland - Ductless | Endocrine Glands are ductless |
| Endocrine Glands - Produce overall body effect | * hormones usually affected by specific organ or body area ex. Pituatary gland responsible for thyroid |
| Exocrine Glands - Secretions | * HAVE DUCTS - external secretion onto body surface or organ * not secreted throughout the body * located in proximity |
| Exocrine Glands - Enzymes | Produce Enzymes ex. enzymes in stomach, sweat, tears, etc |
| Exocrine Glands - Ducts | secreted into a duct |
| Functions of Endocrine System | Growth |
| Functions of Endocrine System | Stress Response |
| Functions of Endocrine System | Metabolism |
| Functions of Endocrine System | Transportation ex. insulin transports glucose into cells |
| Functions of Endocrine System | Homeostasis |
| Functions of Endocrine System | Reproduction ex. ovulation, sperm/ova production |
| Functions of Endocrine System | Lactation |
| Regulation of Endocrine System - Negative Feedback | regulates negative feedback ex. if a hormone level gets too low, it stimulates a chain reaction to make more |
| Regulation of Endocrine System - Nervous System | * Nervous System PituitaryControls the Endocrine & Exocrine Systems |
| Regulation of Endocrine System - Nervous System - Hypothalamus | Hypothalamus is part of the nervous system |
| Regulation of Endocrine System - Nervous System - Hypothalamus produces what 2 hormones? | Vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone or ADH) Oxytocin |
| Hypothalamus controls release of hormones from what gland? | Pituitary |
| Pituitary Gland also known as | Master Gland *controls some other glands |
| Pituitary Gland is size of | grapes |
| Pituitary Gland is located | at base of brain |
| Pituitary Gland has 2 divisions | Anterior Pituitary Lobe Posterior Pituitary Lobe |
| Pituitary - Anterior - (GH) Growth Hormone | for growth & develpoment * helps maintain blood sugar levels |
| Pituitary - Anterior - (PRL) Prolactin | females- develops breast tissue & makes milk *mammary glands are exocrine* |
| Pituitary - Anterior -(TSH) -Thyroid Stimulating Hormone | growth & secretion of Thyroid Gland |
| Pituitary - Anterior - (ACTH) Adrenocrticotropic Horomone | growth & secretion of Adrenal CORTEX |
| Pituitary - Anterior - (FSH) Follicle Stimulating Hormone | females- estrogen production males- sperm production |
| Pituitary - Anterior - (LH) Luteinizing Hormone | stimulates ovulation, formation of corpus luteum makes progesterone |
| Pituitary - Anterior -(ICSH) Interstitial Cell Stimulation Hormone | for testerone production |
| Pituitary - Posterior Lobe | stores hormones produced by hypothalamus **does not produce any hormones, storage only** |
| Pituitary - Posterior - Vasopressin | Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) - maintains fluid balance |
| Pituitary - Posterior - Oxytocin | for uterine contractions during childbirth |
| Pituitary - Disorders- Hyperfunctioning - Hypersecretion - GIGANTISM | too much growth hormone begins in CHILDHOOD all bones too big |
| Pituitary Disorders - Hyperfunctioning - Hypersecretion- ACROMEGALY | too much growth hormones in ADULTHOOD affects mostly cartilage - ears, nose, hands, etc. |
| Pituitary Disorders - Hypofunctioning - DWARFISM | shortage of growth hormones in childhood |
| Pituitary Disorders - Hypofunctioning - Diabetes Insipidus | loss in amount of ADH excess loss of H20 & electrolytes *excess thirst** |
| Thyroid Gland - Charcteristics | butterfly shaped, behind anterior part of neck, beside larynx, over trachea |
| Thyroid Gland - Function | Makes 3 hormones **regulates metabolism** |
| Thyroid Gland - Hormones - T4 | Thyroxine |
| Thyroid Hormones - T3 | Triodothyronine - increases metabolism Stimulated by TSH Iodine needed ti make T3 & T4 helps change glycogen to glucose |
| Thyroid Hormones - Calcitonin | lowers calcium levels in blood by stimulating bones to absorb more calcium |
| Thyroid Disorders - Diagnosed by | blood test |
| Thyroid Disorders - Hyperthyroidism - Graves Disease | too much thyroid hormones s/s (signs/symptoms)- weight loss, feeling hot, elevated heart rate, increased blood pressure, goiter, exopthalmos (bulging eyeballs) |
| Thyroid Disorders - Hypothyroidism - MYXEDEMA | not enough thyroid hormone, occurs in adults, weight gain, memory loss, confusion |
| Thyroid Disorders - Hypothyroidism - CRETINISM | begins in infancy smaller in size possible mental retardation |
| Parathyroid Glands | there are 4 size of grain of rice |
| Parathyroid Glands - location | attached to thyroid gland |
| Parathyroid Glands - function | regulates calcium & phosphorus levels |
| Parathyroid Glands - Parathormone | main hormones secreted raises blood calcium levels by stimulating bones to release calcium into bloodstream |
| Parathyroid Glands - Disorders - Hyperfunctioning | too much calcium in blood |
| Parathyroid Glands - Disorders - Hyperfunctioning - Kidney Stones | calcium level in blood too high |
| Parathyroid Glands - Disorders - Hyperfunctioning - Fragile Bones | lack of calcium in bones |
| Parathyroid Glands - Disorders - Hypofunctioning | lack of parathormone calcium low in blood |
| Parathyroid Glands - Disorders - Hypofunctioning - TETANY | twitching, spasms in muscles |
| Thymus Gland | **part of Endocrine & Lymphatic Systems** |
| Thymus Gland - Location | under sternum, above heart large in infancy/childhood, gets smaller with age almost disappears in puberty |
| Thymus Gland - Thymosin Hormone | Stimulates lymph cells to fight disease |
| Adrenal Glands - location | top of each kidney |
| Adrenal Cortex | secretes corticoids |
| Adrenal Cortex- Mineralocorticoids | Alsodterone- tells kidney to reabsorb sodium |
| Adrenal Cortex - Glucocorticoids- Cortisol | Cortisol - increases glucose in blood (blood sugar) decreases inflammation, stops pain |
| Adrenal Cortex - Glucocorticoids- Cortisone | cortisol is converted to cortisone |
| Adrenal Cortex - Androgens | outside of reproductive organs help make MALE sexual characteristics |
| Adrenal Medulla | Fight or Flight response |
| Adrenal Medulla - Epinephrine & Norephinephrine | released when a host of physiological changes are activated by a stressful event increased blood sugar, heart rate, BP, blood flow |
| Adrenal Glands - Disorders - Hyperfunctioning - Cushings | too much cortisone/cortisol - poor healing, MOON FACE, buffalo back, abdominal edema/fat with thin extremities *caused by prolonged steroid use or too much cortisol |
| Adrenal Glands - Disorders - Hypofunctioning -Addison's Disease | not enough cortisol/cortisone - low BP, low sugar electrolyte imbalances *bronze skin |
| Gonads | controlled hormonally by luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) |
| Gonads - Female - Ovaries | Hormones are: Estrogen- primary female hormone Progesterone- steroid hormone involved in the female menstrual cycle, pregnancy |
Created by:
danaslanaker
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