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Africa & Middle East
People, places and things related to Africa and the Middle East
| Person/Place/Thing | Definition |
|---|---|
| Afghanistan | Kabul |
| Algeria | Algiers |
| Jomo Kenyatta | 1940s- Founds Kenya African National Union. Prez of Kenya. W- capitalism. Pan-Africanism. |
| Kenya African National Union | Focuses on economic issues. Seeks Independence for Kenya. |
| Mau Mau Movement | Kenya. Kikuyu people using terroism to get uhuru from British. Causes alarm and promises. |
| Uhuru | Freedom |
| Wafd | Egypt. Formal political party to promote Egypt independence. |
| King Farouk | Egypt. Overthrown by army coup (1952). Indept. republic instead. Intellectuals as opposed to monarcy as colonial rule. |
| Egypt | Wafd. King Farouk. Intellectuals fickle. |
| Kenya | Mau Mau movement. Kikuyutribe.Terrorism. After WW2- lotta Brits leave Br b/c too depressing, go to Kenya. Jews too. Kenyatta- W-capitalism. Big middle class, but high unemployment- so lots below poverty line. unhappyness. |
| South Africa | European settlers dominate. Form African National Congress (ANC). Apartheid. Caste system. Whites. Mixed. Blacks. Opressed.After imprisonment and a lot of world pressure, Mandela becomes president b/c after Zimbabwe goes- too hard. deKlerk gives it to Man |
| African National Congress | South Africa. INtellectuals start. Little support. Equality. Reforms. Mandela-leader. |
| Apartheid | segretation of blacks and whites. Blacks rebel- brutally repressed. |
| Nelson Mandela | leader of ANC, arrested in 1962. Arrest>armed resistance. Elected as prez of S. Africa, after campaigning against apartheid. Unity. |
| Algeria | Arabs fighting for indept. de Gaulle lets go. 1962-indept. Colons are trying to keep control. Such an issue in homeland- almost civil war. Degaulle just lets go of. |
| Tunisia | wins indept from France in 1956 b/c of Algeria struggle. |
| Morocco | wins indept from France in 1956 b/c of Algeria struggle. |
| Ghana | Old Gold Coast. Kwame Nkrumah. President.African Socialism. Big Man Rule. (Nkrumah.) |
| Mozambique/Angola | Portuguese colonies. Given indept. After brutal guerilla wars.Freemelo (revoltion group). Swapo- get Soviet support. |
| General Mobutu Sese Seko | Zaire/DR Congo. W. capitalism. Leader. Dictator. |
| DR Congo/ Zaire | Mobuto Sese Seko- W-capitalism. Dictator. Favors the N. Muslim tribes> civil war- Katanga- copper minds want to break away. Lumba- leader w/ Katanga. Rwand troubles bleed in. Kabilla takes over. |
| Sékou Touré | Guinea. African Socialism. Pan-Africanism. |
| Guinea | Sékou Touré. African Socialism. |
| Tanzania | Julius Nyerere. African Socialism. Nyerere sets up colectives, low levels of corruption and instability. |
| Julius Nyerere | Tanzania. African Socialism. |
| Organization of African Unity | Founded by 32 African leaders in 1963. Dream of Pan-Africanism. Reduce W. influence. |
| Pan-Africanism | Unity of all black Africans regardless of national boundaries. |
| Negritude | Blackness. Belief of Pan-Africanism. |
| Uganda | Lots of resources. "Pearl of Africa". Can't keep stable. Like Argentina- so close and yet..1966- President Milton Obote names Idi Amin in charge of army. 1951- siezes control and rules w/ iron fist. Wastes money on luxuries. Arab plane, israeli rescue tak |
| Idi Amin | 1951- takes control of Uganda. Secret police. Iron fist rule. Ruins economy w/ luxuries. Big man rule. "Mein Kamph". Rapes 100s of women. Father of future generation. Secret Torture chamber. Calls church leader to "tea". Forces amry to invade Tanzania, fl |
| Liberia | Dependence on rubber exports ruins economy. Child/Boy soldiers. Freestate. People w/ Power. Br and Us support, people not from tribes>resentment>civil war and military rule. |
| Nigeria | oil export dependence. Civil war- N. killing Ibo people, flee to E part where Odumegu-Ojukwu organizes Ibos, decalres E. Biafra. After 3 years- bloody Biagran Civil war- surrender. Used boy soldiers and desertification.Added Muslim population.. |
| Wabenzi | Mercedes Benz people. Rich w/ lavish lifestyles. |
| Angola | Soviet-style Marxism-Leninism. |
| Ethiopia | Societ-style Marxism-Lenisn. Solski. Meninstsu. Dragged into Cold War politics. Soviets influence. Solski pro-west, supply military and Menists take over. |
| Ibo | Natives of E. Nigeria. Attacked by N.ers - retreat to E. Create own home state of Biafra- after 3 years of bloody war- surrunder. |
| Biafra | Nigeria. State that Ibos and Colonel Odumegu-Ojukwu establish w/ Ibo people are being persecuted. |
| Colonel Odumegu-Ojukwu- | Nigeria. Head of whol Ibo/Biafra mess. |
| Zimbabwe | Ethnic conflic.1 party rule- white minority.Once Rodisia. Want to keep white pople rule. Ian Smith- keeps wealthy white sin power. 1970s- being to protest single party. Devestment. Smith resigns- Mugabe- keeps whites in charge. Dictatorial. Poor people on |
| Rwanda | Hutus and Tutsis. Hutu rampage leaves .5 million TUtsis dead. Hutus larger, Tutsis the rich minority. Resentment- leader of Tutsis killed Hutus go wild. Tribal warfare. |
| Afrikons | S. Africa and Dutch. Mixed. White, but not- don't really have a homeland. Somtimes encourage prejudice. Don't quite have any home. |
| Big Man Rule | Dictatorship. Makes his tribe "the" tribe. Brutal. Ethnic Cleansing. |
| African Issues | No experience w/ democracy. Corruption. Arbitrary borders. Military expenses.Desertification. Cashcrop economy. Population growth. AIDS. |
| Desertification | spread of Sahara into Sudan. Displacing people. Major drought area. Fills up other areas. Muslims going into Christian/Animalistic Areas. |
| Madagascar | Indian/Arabic population from trade. |
| E Coast | INdian mostly. From trade. Middle class, forced to leave, ruins economy. |
| Baby Faye | 1970s. Transplants baboon's heart. Works and then rejects. Like W. institutions. |
| 1 party states. | Kenya. Ghana. Zimbabwe. Uganda. |
| Somalia | Pro-west. Soviets supply different warloards. Take over> civil war. |
| Ujamaa | family hood/ African socialims. Growth of industry thwarts. |
| Chad and Sudan | civil war. N/Muslim/nomadic populaiton and Christian/animalistic in cities and control the governemnt. Resent and Soviets supply teh Muslims>civil war. |
| Ian Smith | Zimbabwe. White dictator. Keeps white rich rule. Overthrown in 1979. Resigns. |
| Robert Mugabe | Zimbabwe. promises to keep whites in charge. People begin squatting- refuses to let them leave. The whites. |
| Lesotho and Swaziland | reservations. Diff tribes. |
| Namibia | colony of S Africa, who invades when thinks is going to black rule. German colony- upper class is traditional German dress. |
| Zionist Movement | 1899. Desire for Jewish State. T. Herzl. |
| T. Herzl | starts Zionism movement. |
| Husayn-McMahon Letters | 1915-1916. Arab/British. Promises of an Arab state. |
| Sykes-Picot Agreements | 1916. French-Br. Sets up the Mandate System. Split up Land between them two. |
| Balfour Declartion | Br- need Jewish support- Irish rebelling- make vague statement about Jewish homeland. |
| Druze | broke away from main-stream Muslim. Get more rights in Jewish States. |
| General Arab Strike | 1936. Protest what is happeneing. New culture. Against Br. Br write white paper and slow immigration. |
| Haganah | moderate, Jewish defensive group. |
| Irgun | agressive militanat Jewish devensive group. |
| Lehi | militia Jewish defense group. More agressive. |
| UN Partition Plan | UN splits up Palestine. 1947. |
| Arab-Israeli War | 5/15/1948. Arab League invades.. |
| David Ben-Gurion | proclaims Israeli a state 5/4/1948. |
| Egypt | Not Arab state, but Farouk (36) supports the Arabs. Sends troops agains Israel. Nasser comes into charge. Republic. Suez Canal. |
| Nasser | Egypt. Takes over after Farouk. Supports arabs. Reforms. Nationalizes Zuez Canal. >Suez War. Arab Socialism. Natinoalizes the Aswam High Dam, US gets mad- stops aid and USSR steps in. |
| Suez War | 1956. B/c Egypt Nationalizes the canal. THem agains Fr. and Br. |
| AIW- Palestineans flee | Massacre (dier yassun). Women and Children. Vans goings around. Terror. |
| Dier Yassun | Part of Irgun. Massacres women and children. Leads to Palestineans fleeing. Massive terror. |
| Law of Return | Any Jews granted citizenship in Israel. Arab countries expel teh Jews. |
| Suez-Sinai War | Egypt Nationalizes Dam and Seuz. Br and Fr and Israel all freel threatned- so attacks Sinai. All angry at them. US tells Israel to give back. Causes Pan-Arabism and UAR. |
| United Arab Republic | 1958-1962. Caused by SSW. Egypt and Syria - Jordon doesn't want part. Syria doesn't want to be underdog. |
| Brinksmanship | Nasser. Pushing the envelope. |
| Six Day War | 1967. June 5. Nassar's brinkmanship of blocking Gulf of Aquaba. Fails. Troops blocking harbor, Israel attacks. Wipes out airforce. Spins and attacks Jordan/Sytria too. Gains Golan, W. Ban, Sinai. Hostipe population. |
| Palestinean Liberation Organization | PLO. From Pan-Africanism. No Jews in Palestine. Guerilla movement- alFatah- lead by Arafat. Diehards take over. Munich Olympics 1972. Uganda Airline. Jordan 3 plans blow up. Lebanon support in refugee camps. |
| Fatah | part of PLO. More radical. Terrorist attacks on Israel. Lead by Arafat. People turn to this when govt. not working. |
| Arafat | Leader of Fatah. Radical part of PLO. Rather moderate leader. Wants peace. Sell-out. Losing power. |
| Sadat | Takes over after Nassar. Wants peace treaty. Tries Unity. KNows needs peace for making Egypt big. |
| Camp David Accords | Carter. Begin (Israel's Prime Minister). Carter too. Peace between Egypt and Israel. |
| intifada | Rising unrest in PLO. Skating off. Beginning of P. uprising. Youth no jobs. Not necessarily terrorist. World gives support. Fighting for future. |
| Madrid Talks | 1992. Public. Palest and Israel embroked by the UN. |
| Oslo Accords | secret. 2 moderate rulers ready for peace. |
| Rabeen | labor party. Moderate. Israel. Ready for peace. Assassinated b/c sold out. |
| 242: UN: Land for Peace | Give land for guarentees of peace. Doesn't really work. |
| Moshe-Dyan | Israel. Doesn't trust Egypt. Rejects offer. B/c Sadat changes tune again. Attacks and invades.>Yom Kippur War. |
| Yom Kippur War | 1973. Surprise attack. Backfires and turns Israelis off to peace. All concentrated and beat Arabs. Angry at lack of prep. |
| Golda Mier | prime minister of Israel. Peoplea ngry at her for lack of preparation. |
| Oil Crisis | Oil Embargo. Stagflation. Carter. Saudi-Arabi- most oil. Use oil prices as a weapon for US to back down Israel support. Libya gets rich off oil. |
| Palestine Authority | 1993. Gaza Strip. West Bank agrea. Israel has foreign power. Palestine domestic. |
| Hamas | and other radicals step up on terrorism. Angry at both sides for selling out. Rival to PLO. |
| Likud vs. Labour | Likud- conservative- makes stuff worse. Labour- socialist, moderate- makes changes for better. |
| Religious situation | Some want secular. Some want conservative union of state and religion. Mainstream and old jews. All mixing. |
| Settlements | Israel putting people on oldP. Land. Colectives. Do go thing. Infastructure. Colonizing. |
| Lebanon Civil War | Civil war from refugees. Suni Muslims. Shiite Muslimes. Marinite Christians. All want power. I back Suni and Christian. Syria and PLo support Shiite. Biig mess. Peace from UN. |
| Iran | big oil crisis. use prices as weapon to abandon support.Connection w/ W. w/ Shah Pahlavi. Brutal. Largely Shiites. Aruges w/ Iraq. A lot. |
| S'vak | Shah Pahlavi's secret police. |
| Shah Pahlavi | Iran. In power w/ US help. Corrupt. Oil. Things better. |
| The Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini | Iran. Poeople look to. Comes to power after Pahlavi. Anti-West. Reinstates traditional stuff. Veil. Fundamentalism. Massive commi/homo killing. Teocracy. Fundamentalism. |
| Afghanistan | Fundamentalism spreads and teh USSR invades. US funds the Taliban for fighting USSR. Unequality for women. |
| Hussein | Iran refuguee in Iraq. Ba'ath party. Socialist. Goes against Shiites in Iraq. Against the Kurds. |
| 10 Year War | Iraw and Iran. Iran thinks Iraq not pure Muslims. Iran attacks. Iraq wins. Chemical weapons and stuff. |
| Turkey | Major Human Rights issues. Kurds. |
| Kuiwait War | Iraw attacks Kuwait w/ lots of oil. US ally. B/c used to belong to Ira1. Slant Drilling. Huss joins, but then SA joins. Fundamentalism rises. |
| Kurds | US encourages the Kurds to rebel. Hussein hits w/ chemical weapons. Kills all kids. US loses interest. |
| Fundamentalists | Government isn't doing the job people turn to fundamentalists. |
| Gulf War | Iran surrounded by enemies. Hussein in Iraq. Iraq attacks. Poison gas on civilians. 10 years. |
| Iraq | Hussein. Mostly Sunnites. Has Kurdish rebellion supported by Iran. Attacks. After war. Hussein goes to Kuwait- and invades. Bush interferes. |
Created by:
Darboo32
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