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chapter 3 pharm
Drug action across the life span
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The study of how living organisms inherit the characteristics or traits of their ancestors, such as hair color, eye color, skin pigmentation, as well as less obvious traits such as the function of metabolic pathways and susceptibility to illnesses. | Genetics |
| The complete package of genetic organism; the human genome is composed of 23 chromosome pairs, 22 of which are known as autosomal (non–gender-related) pairs, and the remaining pair is the X or Y chromosome that determines sex characteristics. | Genome |
| Naturally occurring variations in the structures of genes and the products they make for the body. | polymorphisms |
| A developing science that studies the differences in the normal function of men and women and how persons of each sex perceive and experience disease. | gender- specific medication |
| A dispersal or spreading out requiring no energy (e.g., a solvent passing across a semipermeable membrane), passing from a lower concentration of solute to a higher concentration of solute, thus diluting it. | passive deffusion |
| The chemical alteration or decomposition of a compound with water. | hydrolysis |
| Passing through the intestines; usually referring to rate of transit—a rapid rate might cause diarrhea, whereas a slow rate might be manifested by constipation. | intestinal transit |
| Proteins common albumin, is a carriers of medicines that are insoluble in blood. After absorp., bond to proteins that trans. the drug to site of action. Strong attrac. pull the drug from the protein so that the drug binds to receptor site, induc. effect. | protein binding |
| The process by which the body inactivates medicines. | drug matabolism |
| By-products of metabolism; break down products of a chemical reaction; may be physiologically active or inactive. | metabolites |
| The measurement of a drug's concentration in biologic fields to correlate the dosage administered and the level of medicine in the body with the pharmacologic response. | therapeutic drug monitoring |
| Drug therapy with several medications; commonly seen in older adults who have more than one disorder requiring drug treatment. | polypharmacy. |
| What terms are used to describe people at different points of the life cycle? | |
| The male patient would like to use his wife's prescription of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, the same drug that the prescriber has recommended for his treatment of joint pain. Discuss gender differences that could affect this patient's outcome. | |
| Discuss variations of transdermal medication absorption of a patient categorized as “the very old.” | |
| Contrast the drug absorption of phenobarbital in the GI system of an 8-month-old infant with that of a 73-year-old adult. Which patient would require a higher dose? | |
| Compare the effect of enzyme systems on drug metabolism of the female patient with that of the male patient | |
| . Discuss renal function levels in newborns, infants, adults, and older adults. What are the possible effects on drug therapy? | |
| When initiating drug therapy in elderly adults, prescribed medications are typically started at what range of the normal adult dose, with the amount of medication increasing over time? | . One third to one half |
| Which factor associated with aging increases the risk of gastric irritation from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in older adults? | Delayed gastric emptying |
| When administering medication to an infant, which principle of pharmacokinetics must the nurse keep in mind | There is an increased risk of toxicity with use of topical agents. |
| Women may experience more problems than men when taking aspirin due to a decrease in which factor? | Gastric emptying |
| In administering medication to a patient with decreased albumin and globulin levels, what concerns the nurse most? | There may be increased free protein-bound drugs available, increasing the potential for adverse drug reactions. |
| A 66-year-old patient is considered to be in which life stage? | Elderly |
| A 63-year-old patient is considered to be in which life stage? | Older adult |
| A student nurse is preparing to administer a topical medication to a pediatric patient. Which statement by the student indicates a correct understanding about topical drug absorption in this patient? | Infants wearing plastic-coated diapers are more susceptible to skin absorption." |
| Which guideline does the nurse follow when administering oral medication to a preschool child? | Using a follow-up rinse with a flavored drink |
| Which phenomenon occurs in the body as a person ages? | Lean body mass decreases. |
| Which factors affect the gastrointestinal absorption of medicines? (Select all that apply.) | A. Gastric pH B. Gastric emptying time C. Blood flow of the mucus lining of the stomach and intestines D. Enzyme activity |
Created by:
nursebarbie01
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