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Stats Chapter 6
vocab
Question | Answer |
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standardizing | standardize to eliminate units; standardized values can be compared and combined even if the original variables have different units and magnitudes |
standardized value | a value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation |
shifting | adding a constant to each data value adds the same constant to the mean, the median, and the quartiles, but does not change the standard deviation or IQR |
rescaling | multiplying each data value by a constant multiplies both the measures of position (mean, median, and quartiles) and the measures of spread (standard deviation and IQR) by that constant |
normal model | family of models for unimodal, symmetric distributions |
parameter | a numerically valued attribute of a model |
statistic | a value calculated from data to summarize aspects of the data; mean, ybar, standard deviation are all statistics |
z-score | tells how many standard deviations a value is from the mean; have a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1 |
standard normal model | normal model N(mean, sx) |
nearly normal condition | a distribution is nearly normal if it is unimodal and symmetric |
68-95-99.7 rule | in a normal model, 68% of the values fall within 1 SX, 95% within 2SX, and 99.7% within 3SX of the mean |
normal percentile | corresponding to a z-score gives the percentage of values in a standard normal distribution found at that z-score or below |
normal probability plot | helps assess whether a distribution of a data is approximately normal if the plot is nearly straight |