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TAKS 7th Math
Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| integer | one of the set of whole numbers and their opposites |
| rational number | any number that can be expressed as a ration a/b where a and b are integers and b is not equal to 0 |
| percent | ratio of a number to 100; per one hundred |
| circle graph | a graph used to compare the relationship of the parts to the whole |
| binary number system | a number system in which all numbers are expressed using only 2 digits, 0 and 1 |
| square number | a number that can be represented with a square array |
| figurate number | a number that can be represented by a geometric figure |
| perfect square | a number that has an integer as its square root |
| iteration | a step in the process of repeating something over and over again |
| iteration diagram | a picture showing the steps of an iterating process |
| algebraic operating system (AOS) | a system used by scientific calculators which automatically follows the order of operations |
| reciprocal | one of 2 numbers whose product is 1 |
| numerical expression | an expression that contains only numbers and operations. |
| algebraic expression | an expression that is written using one or more variables. |
| variable | a letter used to represent one or more numbers in an expression, equation, or inequality. |
| evaluate | the process of putting an expression into its simplest numerical form, as a single number. |
| term | an element or number in a sequence. |
| like terms | 2 or more terms that have the same variable raised to the same power. |
| sequence | an ordered list of numbers. |
| term | an element or number in a sequence. |
| arithmetic sequence | an ordered list of numbers in which the difference of any term and the one after it is always the same. |
| common difference | the difference between any 2 successive terms in an arithmetic sequence. |
| equation | a mathematical sentence that shows 2 expressions are equivalent. |
| solve | to find the correct value of the variable in an equation. |
| solution | the value that makes 2 sides of an equation equal. |
| proportion | an equation which states that 2 ratios are equivalent. |
| inequality | a mathematical sentence that shows the relationship between quantities that are not equivalent using <,>,<, >, or not equal. |
| quadrant | one of the 4 regions of the coordinate plane. |
| elements | the words, numbers, or objects in a set. |
| relation | a set of ordered pairs. |
| domain | the set of the first elements of a relation. |
| range | the difference between the greatest number and the least number in a set of data. |
| function | a relation in which each element in the domain is matched with only one element of the range. |
| vertical line test | a test to determine whether or not a relation is a function. |
| linear equation | an equation that can be represented by a line on the coordinate plane. |
| complementary angles | 2 angles whose measures have a sum of 90 degrees. |
| supplementary angles | 2 angles whose sum equals 180 degrees. |
| adjacent angles | angles that share a common side, have the save vertex, and do not overlap. |
| vertical angles | a pair of opposite congruent angles formed by intersecting lines. |
| line symmetry | a figure has line symmetry if a line can separate the figure into 2 congruent parts. |
| rotational symmetry | when a figure can be rotated less than 360 degrees about a central point and be made to match or coincide with the original. |
| point of rotation | the point about which a rotation is centered. |
| transformation | a change in a figure that results in a different position, shape, size, and/or orientation. |
| translation | a movement of a geometric figure to a new position without turning or flipping. |
| rotation | a type of transformation, or movement, that results when a geometric figure is turned about a fixed point. |
| reflection | the figure formed by flipping a geometric figure about a line to obtain a mirror image. |
| image | the figure in a new position or location as the result of a transformation. |
| bisect | to divide into 2 congruent parts. |
| midpoint | the point that divides a line segment into 2 congruent line segments. |
| perpendicular bisector | a line that intersects a line segment at its midpoint. |
| Side-Side-Side (SSS) | a triangle congruence rule stating that 3 sides of one triangle match 3 side of another. |
| Side-Angle-Side (SAS) | a triangle congruence rule stating that 2 sides and the included angle of one triangle match 2 sides and the included angle of another triangle. |
| Angle-Side-Angle (ASA) | a triangle congruence rule stating that when2 angles and the included side of one triangle are congruent to 2 angles and the included side of another triangle, the 2 triangles are congruent. |
| solid figures | a 3-dimensional figure. |
| polyhedron | a solid figure in which all the surfaces, or faces, are polygons. |
| net | a connected arrangement of polygons in a plane that can be folded up to form a polyhedron. |
| lateral face | in a prism or a pyramid, a face that is not a base. |
| tessellation | a repeating pattern of congruent plane figures that completely cover a place with no gaps or overlapping. |
| basic unit | in a tessellation, a figure that is repeated to make a pattern. |
| fractal | a self-similar figure produced by the endless repetition of geometric steps. |
| rate | a ratio that compares quantities of different units, such as miles per hour, price per pound, students per class. |
| unit rate | a rate in which the second term is 1. |
| unit price | a unit rate used to compare pries. |
| Golden Ratio | a ratio that is approximately equal to 1.61. |
| Golden Cut | the division of a sement into parts in the raito of l.61 to 1. |
| Golden Section | see Golden Cut. |
| similar figures | figures with the same shape but not necessarily the same size. |
| proportional | 2 ratios that are equivalent. |
| scale factor | the common ratio for pairs of corresponding sides of similar figures. |
| dilation | a transformation that enlarges or reduces a figure. |
| scale drawing | a drawing that has its dimensions related by a scale factor to the dimensions of the object it represents. |
| Golden Rectangle | any rectangle with a length-to-width ratio of approximately 1.61 to 1. |
| Golden Ratio | a ratio that is approximately equal to 1.61. |
| triangular numbers | a sequence of numbers, 1,3,6,10, 15..... that can be shown geometrically with triangular arrays. |
| Pascal's triangle | a triangular arrangement of numbers in which each row starts and ends with 1 and each other number is the sum of the 2 numbers above it. |
| diverge | to get larger without bound. |
| converge | to approach some fixed value. |
| repeating decimal | a decimal in which one or more digits repeat indefinitely. |
| Density Property | the property which states that between any 2 rational numbers, there is always another rational number. |
| irrational number | a number that cannot be expressed as a repeating or terminating decimal. |
| geometric sequence | an ordered list of number that has a common ratio between consecutive terms. |
| common ratio | the ratio used to multiply each term to produce the next term in a geometric sequence. |
| population | the total or entire group to be studied. |
| sample | a smaller group of people or objects chosen from a larger group or population. |
| random sample | a population sample for which every individual in the population had an equal chance of being chosen. |
| systematic sample | a sample of a population that has been selected using a pattern. |
| stratified sample | a sample of a population that has been divided into subgroups. |
| biased sample | a sample that does not fairly represent the population. |
| central tendency | any of 3 measures (mean, median, mode) that represent a type of average of a set of data. |
| stacked bar graph | a graph used to compare the parts to the whole. |
| sample space | all possible outcomes in a given situation. |
| Fundamental Counting Principle | the principle which states that all possible outcomes in a sample space can be found by multiplying the number of way each event can occur. |
| mathematical probability | the ratio of the number of favorable outcomes to the number of all possible outcomes. |
| combination | an arrangement of items or events in which order does not matter. |
| permutation | an arrangement of items or events in which order is important. |
| experimental probability | the ratio of the number of times the event occurs to the total number of trials or time the activity is performed. |
| simulation | a model of an experiment that would be too difficult or too time-consuming to actually perform. |
| geometric probability | a probability calculated by comparing the area of a specific part to that of a total region. |
| precision | a property of measurement that is related to the unit of measure used; the smaller the unit of measure used, the more precise the measurement. |
| greatest possible error | half of the unit used in the measurement. |
| network | a figure made up of vertices and edges that show how objects are connected. |
| leg | in a right triangle, either of the 2 sides that intersect to form the right angle; in an isosceles triangle, one of the 2 congruent sides. |
| hypotenuse | in a right triangle, the side opposite the right angle. |
| surface area | the sum of the areas of the faces, or surfaces, of a solid figure. |
| lateral surface | in a cylinder, the curved surface connecting the circular bases. |
| volume | the number of cubic units needed to occupy a given space. |
| discount | the amount by which the original price is reduced. |
| sale price | the price of a product after the discount has been subtracted from the original price. |
| wholesale price | the price paid when large quantities of products are purchased. |
| retail price | the sum of the wholesale price and markup. |
| markup | the difference between the retail price and the wholesale price. |
| simple interest | the amount obtained by multiplying the principal by the rate of the time; i=prt. |
| principal | the amount of money borrowed or saved. |
| total amount | in the formula A=p+i, A is the sum of the principal and the interest. |
| finance charge | the interest charged when you pay a debt over time in payments. |
| scatterplot | a graph with points plotted that attempt to show a relationship between 2 variables. |
| positive correlation | when values of 2 sets of data increase or decrease together. |
| negative correlation | in a scatterplot, a pattern formed from data points shows the values of one variable increase as the values of the other variable decrease. |
| no correlation | in a scatterplot, data points are scattered, and no pattern can be formed from the points. |
Created by:
Promethean
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