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Aqueous Vocab
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Solute | The substance dissolved in a solution. |
Solvent | The dissolving medium in a solution. |
Solution | A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in a single phase. |
Aqueous | A solution in which the solvent is water. |
Freezing Point depression | the difference between the freezing points of a pure solvent and a solution of a nonelectrolyte in that solve; is directly proportional to the molal concentration of the solution. |
Boiling Point elevation | The difference between the boiling point of a pure solvent and a nonelectrolyte of that solvent, directly proportional to the molal concentration of the solution |
Saturated | a solution that contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute |
Unsaturated | a solution that contains less solute than a saturated solution under the existing conditions |
Supersaturated | a solution that contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution contains under the same conditions |
Distillation | a method of separating mixtures based on differences in their volatilities in a boiling liquid mixture. |
Filtering | a device (usually a membrane or layer) that is designed to physically block certain objects or substances while letting others through. |
Chromatography | is the collective term for a set of laboratory techniques for the separation of mixtures. |
Solubility | the amount of a substance required to form a saturated solution with a specific amount of solvent at a specified temperature. |
Mixture | a blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties. |
Homogeneous | of the same or similar nature of kind |
Heterogeneous | not the same |
Suspension | A system in which microscopically visible particles are dispersed throughout a less dense liquid or gas from which they are easily filtered but not easily settled because of system viscocity or molecular interactions. |
Colloid | A system in which finely divided particles, which are approximately 10 to 10,000 angstroms in size, are dispersed whitin a continuous medium in a manner that prevents them from being filtered easily or settled rapidly. |
Disassociation | to remove from association |
Electrolyte | A chemical compuond that ionizes when dissolved or molten to produce an electrically conductive medium. |
Nonelectrolyte | A substance whose molecules in solution do not dissociate to ion and thus do not conduct an electric current. |
Precipitate | to cause a solid substance to be separated from a solution. |
Ionic equation | A chemical equation in which electrolytes are written as dissociated ions. |
Molecular equation | A Chemical equation in whichinoic compounds are written as natural. |
Spectator ion | An ion that serves to balance the electrical charges in a reaction environment without participating in product formation |
Acid | having a ph of less then 7 |
Base | compounds whose aqueous solutions are characterized bya bitter taste, a slippery feel, the ability to turm litmus blue, and the ability to react with acids to form salts |
Neutralization | A chemical reaction whereby an acid and a base react to form a salt. |
Oxidation | The combustion of a substance with oxygen |
Reduction | a decrease in positive valence or an increase in negitive valence by the gaining of electrons |
Molarity | The molar concentration of a solution, usually expressed as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution |
Molality | The molar concentration of a solute, usually expressed as the number of moles of solute per 1000 grams of solvent. |
Dilution | the process of making weaker or less concentrated |
Titration | The process, operation, or method of determining the concentration of a substance in solution by adding to it a standard reagent of know concentration in carefully measured amounts until a reaction of definite and known proportion is completed, as shown |
Concentration | The amount of a specified substance in a unit amount of another substance. |