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Unit 11
Nutrition (updated)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nutrition plays a large role in determining | strength, skeletal and muscular development, physical agility, resistance to disease, and mental ability. |
| Essential nutrients are composed of | chemical elements found in food. |
| Cholesterol is synthesized (manufactured) by the liver. True or False | True |
| Common sources of protein include meats, fish, eggs, cereals, peas, and nuts. True or False | True |
| Digestive juices containing enzymes are secreted in the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and pancreas. True or False | True |
| Many food habits are formed during youth, and changing them is a difficult and slow process. True or False | True |
| Therapeutic diets are modifications of the normal diet. True or False | True |
| Anorexia is a loss of appetite. True or False | True |
| Both clear and full liquid diets are nutritionally inadequate. True or False | True |
| Fat-restricted diets are used for patients with gallbladder or liver disease. True or False | True |
| Obesity is a form of malnutrition, due to excess food consumption. True or False | True |
| A condition in which bones become porous and break easily is ____. | osteoporosis |
| ____ includes all body processes relating to food. | Nutrition |
| The major source of human energy is ____. | carbohydrates |
| The essential nutrients made up of amino acids are ____. | proteins |
| Organic compounds essential to life are ____. | vitamins |
| How many glasses of water should the average person drink each day? | 6 to 8 |
| The organ that produces bile to emulsify fats is the ____. | liver |
| The process in which blood capillaries pick up digested nutrients is ____. | absorption |
| The type of therapeutic diet that consists of easily digested foods that do not irritate the digestive tract is ____. | bland |
| The therapeutic diet that contains exchange lists that group foods according to type, nutrients, and caloric content is ____. | diabetic |
| The essential nutrients that provide nine calories per gram are ____. | fats |
| The religion that encourages a vegetarian diet is ____. | Seventh Day Adventism |
| Which of the following is not one of the three most common lipids found in both food and the human body? | cellulose |
| The therapeutic diet that limits raw fruits and vegetables, whole-grain breads and cereals, nuts, beans, and fried foods is ____. | low-residue diet |
| Vitamin B12 | Found in liver, milk, cheese, and eggs; important for production of healthy red blood cells |
| Thiamine | Promotes normal appetite and digestion, and normal function of the nervous system |
| Niacin | Found in meats, poultry, fish, and peanuts; promotes healthy skin, nerves, and digestive tract |
| Vitamin K | Found in spinach, kale, cabbage, and broccoli; essential for the normal clotting of blood and formation of prothrombin |
| Vitamin E | Found in peanuts, egg yolk, and dark, leafy greens; necessary for protection of cell structure; antioxidant to inhibit breakdown of vitamin A and some unsaturated fatty acids |
| Folic acid | Found in green, leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and yeast; important for protein metabolism, maturation of red blood cells, formation of hemoglobin, and synthesis of DNA |
| Vitamin D | One source is sunshine; aids in growth, regulates calcium and phosphorus absorption and metabolism, and builds and maintains bones and teeth |
| Riboflavin | Found in milk, enriched breads and cereals, and green, leafy vegetables; important for health of mouth tissue and eyes |
| Vitamin A | Found in liver, egg yolk, butter, and whole milk; important in structure and function of the cells of the skin and mucous membranes |
| Vitamin C | Found mainly in citrus fruits, melons, berries, and tomatoes; important for healthy gums, wound healing, and absorption of iron |
| Pyridoxine | Found in liver, poultry, fish, and enriched breads and cereals; important for protein synthesis and metabolism and production of antibodies |
| Sulfur | Found in meat, poultry, fish, and eggs; activates energy-producing enzymes and important for healthy skin, hair, and nails |
| Sodium | Main source is table salt; aids in fluid balance and acid-base balance, regulates muscles and nerves, and aids in glucose absorption |
| Fluorine or fluoride | Found in certain types of water, fish, seafood, and meat; important for healthy teeth and bones |
| Chlorine or chloride | Found in salt, meat, fish, poultry, milk, and eggs; important for acid-base balance and formation of hydrochloric acid |
| Calcium | Main sources are milk, milk products, and cheese; develops and maintains bones and teeth and aids in clotting of the blood |
| Iron | Found in liver and muscle meats; important for formation of hemoglobin in red blood cells and aids in production of energy |
| Magnesium | Found in meat, seafood, nuts, and cereal grains; constituent of bones, muscles, and red blood cells |
| Potassium | Found in meat, milk, vegetables, and bananas; maintains fluid balance, regular heart rhythm, and proper nerve function |
| Copper | Found in organ meats, nuts, and whole-grain cereals; necessary for utilization of iron and as a component of enzymes |
| Phosphorus | Found in milk, meat, nuts, and cereals; develops and maintains bones and teeth, aids in metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, and is a constituent of body cells |
| Iodine | Found in saltwater fish and some table salts; necessary for formation of hormones in the thyroid gland |
| Zinc | Found in seafood (especially oysters), eggs, and milk; component of enzymes and insulin and essential for growth and wound healing |
| Functions of fats. | provide heat and energy, provide fatty acids needed for growth and development, carry fat-soluble vitamins, maintain body temperature by providing insulation, cushion organs and bones, provide flavor to meals |
| Functions of Protein | build and repair body tissue, provide heat and energy, help produce antibodies, regulate body functions |
| Function of water in the body | essential for digestion, makes up most of the blood plasma and cytoplasm of cells, helps body tissues absorb nutrients, helps move waste material through the body, regulates body functions |
| milk, milk products, yogurt, and cheese: 2 to 3 servings; vegetables: 3 to 5 servings; fruits: 2 to 4 servings; bread, cereals, rice, and pasta: 6 to 11 servings; meat, fish, poultry, dry beans, eggs, and nuts: 2 to 3 servings | major food groups, and number of recommended servings per day. |
| Foods that should be avoided or limited in a sodium-restricted diet. | smoked meats or fish, processed foods, pickles, olives, sauerkraut, processed cheeses |
| Organic molecules that help protect the body from free radicals, substances that can damage tissues, cells, and genes is are called: | antioxidants |
| To manage weight, every individual should engage in at least ____ or more of moderate intensity physical activity most days of the week. | 30 minutes |
| What allows individuals to develop a customized food plan based on age, gender, height, weight, and level of activity? | My Plate |
| The rate at which the body uses energy just for maintaining its own tissue, without doing any voluntary work is called: | basal metabolic rate (BMI) |
| Obesity increases the risk of developing: | hypertension, sleep apnea and diabetes mellitus |
| What vitamin is found in enriched bread and cereals, liver, and potatoes and promotes normal appetite and digestion and normal function of the nervous system? | thiamine |
| What vitamin or mineral if found in organ meats and seafood and is important for metabolism of fat and acts as an anitoxidant? | selenium |
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Health Science
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