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Nursing Ch. 4

Theoretical Foundations

QuestionAnswer
A conceptualization of some aspect of nursing communicated for the purpose of describing, explaining, predicting, and/or prescribing nursing care. Nursing theory
3 things that nursing theories provide nurses with. 1. A perspective to view client situations 2. A way to organize data 3. A method to analyze and interpret information
A set of concepts, definitions, and assumptions or propositions to explain a phenomenon. Theory
An aspect of reality that people consciously sense or experience. Phenomenon
Communicate the general meaning of the concepts and describe the activity necessary to measure the concepts, relationships, or variables within a theory. Definitions
The "taken for granted" statements that explain the nature of the concepts, definitions, purpose, relationships, and structure of a theory. Assumptions
Theory that is broad in scope, complex, and therefore requires further specification through research. It does not provide guidance for specific nursing interventions but provides the structural framework for broad, abstract ideas about nursing. Grand theory
Theories that are more limited in scope and are less abstract. They address a specific phenomenon and reflect practice. Middle-range theories
These theories are the first level of theory development. They describe phenomena, speculate on why phenomena occur, and describe the consequences of phenomena. Descriptive theories
These theories do not direct specific nursing activities but help to explain client assessments. Descriptive theories
Theories that address nursing interventions for a phenomenon and predict the consequence of a specific nursing intervention. They designate the prescription (i.e., nursing interventions), the conditions under which the prescription occurs, & consequences. Prescriptive theories
These theories are action oriented and test the validity and predictability of a nursing intervention. Prescriptive theories
Established the first nursing philosophy based on health maintenance and restoration. Florence Nightingale
What is significant about Florence Nightingale? She was the 1st practicing nurse epidemiologist. Her statistical analyses connected poor sanitation w/ cholera & dysentery.
Major reforms brought about by Florence Nightingale in 1853. Hygiene, sanitation, and nursing practice
What stimulated the growth of nursing in the United States? Civil War
Who founded the American Red Cross? Clara Barton
The U.S. Congress ratified the American Red Cross in _____. 1882
In the early ___ century, a movement toward a scientific, research-based defined body of nursing knowledge and practice was evolving. 20th
When did nursing specialization start developing? By the 1920s
Discuss nursing in the 21st century. Nurses and nurse educators are revising practice and school curricula to meet the ever-changing needs of society (bioterrorism, emerging infections, disaster management)
A problem-solving approach to clinical practice that integrates the conscientious use of best evidence in combination w/ a clinician's expertise and client preferences and values in making decisions about client care. Evidence-based practice
5 steps of evidence-based process. 1. Ask a clinical question 2. Collect the most relevant and best evidence 3. Critically appraise the evidence you gather 4. Integrate evidence; make changes and allow time for it to occur 5. Evaluate the practice decision or change
Professional nursing organization that advances excellence in nursing education to prepare nurses to meet the needs of a diverse population in a changing healthcare environment. National League for Nursing (NLN)
Professional nursing organization that is active in political, professional, and financial issues affecting health care and the nursing profession. It is a strong lobbyist in prof practice issues, such as limits of overtime hours. American Nurses Association (ANA)
Societal influences on nursing. Demographic changes, Women's health care issues, Human rights movement, Medically underserved, Bioterrorism, Cultural diversity, Safety, Health promotion and wellness
Created by: roabrams1
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