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U.S. Antitrust Laws
Purpose of each law.
Question | Answer |
---|---|
1887: Interstate Commerce Act | created the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) to oversee railroad rates; currently regulates railroads, motor vehicles, and other freight carriers |
1890: Sherman Antitrust Act | prohibits any agreements, contracts, or conspiracies that would restrain interstate trade or cause monopolies to form |
1914: Clayton Antitrust Act | clarified and strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act by prohibiting price discrimination, and local price cutting, mergers that reduce competition, and exclusive sales contracts |
1936: Robinson-Patman Act | (also called the ANtiprice Discrimination Act) protects small retail business by prohibiting wholesalers from charging small retailers and by prohibiting large retailers from setting artificially low prices |
1950: Celler-Kefauver Act | amended the Clayton Act to prohibit corporate acquisitions when they substantly decrease competition |
1975: Antitrust Procedures and Penalties Act | Increased penalties for violating antitrust laws |
1976: Parens Patriae Act | gives states the right to sue companies on behalf of citizens harmed by the company's antitrust violations; requires large companies to notify the government of planned mergers, strengthened the federal government's power to investigate violations |