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Mobility- Kaplan
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| decrease angle of joint | flexion |
| increase angle of joint | extension |
| excessively increase angle of joint | hyperextension |
| move body part away from midline of body | abduction |
| move body part toward midline of body | adduction |
| move joint around its central axis | rotation |
| turn wrist so that the palm is down | pronation |
| turn wrist so that the palm is up | supination |
| point the toes toward the head | dorsiflexion |
| point the toes away from the head | plantarflexion |
| rotate the ankle and sole of foot inward | inversion |
| rotate the ankle and sole of foot outward | eversion |
| rotate the hand inward at the wrist | radial flexion |
| rotae the hand outward at the wrist | ulnar flexion |
| what 4 basic physiological needs for maintenance and promotion of normal body structure and function | rest, sleep, activity, exercise |
| you need rest because.. (3) | 1)allows body ro repair its own damaged cells 2)enhances removal of waste products from the body 3) restores tissues to max functional ability before another activity is begun |
| you need sleep because.. (3) | 1)restore balance among different parts of the CNS 2) mediate stress, anxiety, and tension 3) help a person cope with daily activities |
| you need activity because... (2) | 1) maintain muscle tone and posture 2) serves as outlet for tension and anxiety |
| you need exercise because... (7) | 1)maintains joint mobility and function 2)promotes muscle strength 3) stimulates circulation 4) promotes optimum ventilation 5)stimulates appetite 6)promotes elimination 7)enhances metabolic rate |
| how do you prevent injury with motor vehicle accidents? | use of seat belts and helmets |
| how do you prevent injury with job-related accidents? | following safety procedures |
| how do you prevent injury with contact sports? | proper body conditioning and use of protective devices |
| how do you prevent injury with aging? | rugs should be secure; stairways lit and clear of debris |
| how do you prevent injury with pregnancy? | bathtub grips; low-heeled shoes |
| what is the purpose of positioning? (5) | 1)prevent contractures 2)promote circulation 3)promote pulmonary function 4)relieve pressure on body parts 5)promote pulmonary drainage |
| what is a complication of the integumentary system and why? | decubitus ulcer; osteomyelitis, tissue maceration, infection |
| what are complications of the musculoskeletal system and why? (4) | 1)osteoporosis;pathological fractures 2)decreased muscle mass; loss of endurance 3)atrophy;deformities 4)contractures; decreased stability |
| what are complications of the respiratory system and why? (2) | 1)change in lung volume; decreased lung expansion, decreased hemoglobin, and respiratory muscle weakness 2)stasis of secretions; hypostatic pneumonia |
| what are complications of the cardiovascular system and why? (3) | 1)increased cardiac workload; tachycardia 2)thrombus formation; pulmonary emboli 3)orthostatic hypotension; weakness, faintness, dizziness |
| what are complications of the metabolic system and why? (3) | 1)decreased BMR; decreased cellular activity,weight gain,loss of lean body mass 2)altered nutrient metabolism;negative nitrogen balance,anorexia,weight loss, debilitation,slow wound healing & tissue growth 3)fluid and electrolyte imbalances |
| what are complications of elimination and why? (2) | 1)constipation; fecal impaction 2)urinary stasis; urinary retention, urinary infections, renal calculi |
| what are complications of the psychosocial system and why? (4) | 1)depression; insomnia, restlessness 2)sensory deprivation 3)confusion 4)increased dependence |
| position that minimizes hip flexion | flat (supine) |
| position that allows drainage of oral secretions | side lying |
| position that allows drainage of oral secretions and abdominal tension | side with leg bent (sims) |
| position that increases venous return and allows maximal lung expansion | head elevated (fowler's) |
| position that increases venous return and relieves pressure on lumbosacral area | head and knees elevated slightly |
| position that increases venous return and increases blood supply to brain | feet elevate 20 degrees and head slightly elevated (modified trendelenburg) |
| position that increases venous return | elevation of extremity |
| position that exposes perineum | flat on back, thighs flexed, legs abducted (lithotomy) |
| position that promotes extention of hip joint | prone |
| exercise performed by nurse without assistance from from patient for maintenance of circulation | passive range of motion |
| exercise performed by patient with assistance of nurse to measure motion in the joint | active range of motion |
| exercise performed by patient without assistance to maintain joint mobility | active range of motion |
| when transfering a patient, you should move the patient toward their __________ side. | stronger |
| use your ________ when transfering a patient, and not your __________. | legs; back |
| move patient with a ___________. do not ______ patient across a surface | drawsheet; slide |
| to prevent constipation, you should... (4) | 1) ambulate pt 2)increase fluid intake 3) ensure privacy when using bedpan or commode 4)administer stool softeners, prn |
| to prevent urinary statis, you should ... (4) | 1)have patient void in a normal position if possible 2)increase fluid intake 3) low-calcium diet 4) evaluate adequzcy of urine output 4) evaluate adequacy of urine output |
| to prevent pressure ulcers, you should.. (5) | 1) frequent turning (q2hrs), skin care, keep skin dry 2) ambulation as feasible 3)drawsheet when turning to avoid shearing 4)balanced diet with adequate protein, vitamins, and minerals 5)use air mattress and float bony prominences |
| to prevent thrombus formation, you should..(5) | 1)leg exercises-flexion, extention of toes and feet 2)ambulation as appropriate 3)frequent change in position 4)avoid 'gatching' bed 5) use TED hose |
| to prevent stasis of respiratory secretions, you should... (3) | 1)teach pt importance of turn, cough, and deep breathing 2)administer postural drainage, prn 3) teach use of incentive spirometer |
Created by:
nickijohnson07
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