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Stack #515894

Atmosphere, Weather and Climate Review

QuestionAnswer
How is air pressure measured? Air pressure is measured by a barometer.
Barometer can be measured in: mm of mercury, millibars(mb), and atmospheres.
What is wind? Wind - Horizontal movement of air.
What causes wind? High pressure and low pressure.
What is an air current? Air currents are vertical movement of the air.
What causes air current? It's caused by unequal heating of Earth.
What are sea and land breezes? Sea breeze - Cold air over water blows toward land replacing warm air. Land breeze - Cold air over land blows toward water replacing warm air.
When do sea and land breezes occur? Sea breeze occurs during the day. Land breeze occurs during the night.
What heats and cools faster? Land or water? Land.
What is the difference between a wind vane and an anemometer? Wind vane shows the direction and anemometer measures wind speed.
What is evaporation? Changing of a liquid to a gas.
What causes evaporation to happen? Liquid water becomes water vapor (gas) when heat is added and molecules fast escape from liquid.
What is condensation? Changing from a gas to a liquid.
What causes condensation to happen? Warm moist air can be cooled (heat removed) until it can no longer hold the vapor and it becomes liquid.
What is humidity? Amount of water vapor in air.
How does humidity change with temperature? Air's capacity (amount it can hold) for water vapor changes. Temperature decrease, air's capacity to hold water decreases. When air is saturated, it is filled to capacity.
What is relative humidity? Amount of water vapor in the air compared with the amount of water vapor the air can hold at capacity.
How is relative humidity measured? Relative humidity is measured with a psychrometer.
What is the dew point? Temperature to which air must be cooled to reach saturation.
Why does frost form? and Why do sea and land breezes happen? are missing. -
What is precipitation? Water that falls from the atmosphere.
What forms can precipitation take? Rain, snow, sleet, and hail.
How is precipitation measured? Precipitation is measured with a rain gauge.
What is an air mass? Large volume of air with same temperature and moisture throughout.
How is air mass named? It is named for where it originates: in a polar, or in a tropical region and whether it forms over land (continental) or sea (maritime).
How are clouds formed? Clouds form from condensation in the atmosphere.
How is fog formed? At night, the ground cools to the dew point. Water vapor condenses and may form a cloud near the ground called fog.
What is a front? A front is a boundary between 2 air masses of different densities.
How is a front classified? A front is classified based on the temperature of the advancing air mass.
How do thunderstorms form? Thunderstorms form from warm and moist, unstable air rising.
What do thunderstorms produce? Thunderstorms produce heavy rain, wind, thunder (air expands creating wave of compressed air, BOOM sound!) and lightning (discharge of electricity, Flash light).
What are tornadoes? Tornadoes are funnel shaped clouds that rotate (spin) with updrafts (low pressure) acting like a vacuum causing damage. Tornadoes can occur with thunderstorms.
What is a hurricane? Hurricanes are large, rotating tropical storms with strong winds that form over water.
What can be said about the eye of a storm? The eye of the storm is relatively calm comparitivity.
What scales are used to measure tornadoes and hurricanes? Enhanced Fujita Scale are used to measure tornadoes and the Saffir-Simpson Scale are used to measure hurricanes.
What do they look at for hurricanes and tornadoes? Scales that measure severe storms look at wind speed and damage caused.
How do meteorologists predict and make maps? Meteorologists must gather huge amounts of data. They rely on sensing instruments and on computer models to make maps.
What is the difference in an isobar and isotherm? Isobar is a line on a weather map that connects points of equal air pressure and isotherm is a line on a map that connects points that have the same temperature.
In what direction do high and low pressure systems rotate in northern hemisphere? High pressure systems rotate clockwise and low pressure systems rotate counterclockwise.
How is wind named? From where it comes from.
What type of air is most dense and what will it do to less dense air? Cold air is more dense, so warm air rises when it meets.
What unit is used for wind speed? Knot is the unit used for wind speed. 1 knot = 1.15mph.
What weather symbols are important to understand station model and weather maps? pg85
What are 3 factors that can affect local climates? Ocean, large lakes, and forests.
Why are city temperatures higher? There is more concrete on the ground, and concrete heats faster than liquid.
Why do city have more rainfall? More carbon dioxide reacts with the clouds which leads to more rain.
How are humans changing Earth's climate? They increase air pollution and increase temperatures around the world. More tree cut down - Less tree to absorb carbon dioxide.
What is a biome? Large region with a characteristic climate and plant and animal communities.
What is vegetarian? Vegetarian refers to the plants in an area.
What 2 factors affect vegetarian? Rainfall and temperatures are the climate factors that most affect vegetarian.
What are 2 ways animals are affected by climate? If it's too cold, animals could die. Animals can only live in certain places with trees and plants.
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