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Chapter 11

QuestionAnswer
Erosion process by which wind, water, ice, gravity transport soil and sediment from one location to another
Grand Canyon The Colorado River eroded the rock over millions of years for the _____________
water cycle The __________ is the continuous movement of water from the ocean to the atomsphere to the land and back again
Precipitation Rain, snow, or hail that falls from clouds onto the land and oceans
Percolation the downward movement of water through pores and other spaces in soil due to gravity
Runoff precipitation that flows over land into streams and rivers. This water later enters the ocean
Condensation takes place when water vapor cools and changes into water droplets that form clouds in the atomosphere. Water loses denergy during this process
tributary A stream that flows into a lake or a larger stream
watershed The area of land that is drained by a water system
divide The boundary between drainage areas that have streams that flow in opposite directions
Mississippi River The largest watershed in the U.S. is the ____________ watershed and covers more than one-third of the U.S.
channel The path that a stream follows
gradient The measure of the change in elevation over a certain distance
discharge The amount of water that a stream or river carrries in a given amount of time is called
A high gradient gives a stream or river more erosive energy. True
The discharge of a stream decreases when a major storm occurs or when warm weather rapidly melts snow False
An increase in s streams's gradient and discharge can cause the stream to flow faster. True
load the materials carried by a stream
large particles Fast moving streams can carry _____________which affects the rate of erosion
bed laod the rocks carried and bounced along a stream bed.
suspended load small rocks and soil suspended in a stream making it look muddy.
dissolved load material carried in solution, meaning it is dissolved, such as sodium and calcium.
youthful river a ________ ______ erodes its channel deeper rather thatn wider
mature river a ______ ______ erodes its channel wider rather than deeper.
old river an ____ _______ has a low gradient and little erosive energy, characterized by wide flat flood plains. 27) rejuvenated rivers are found where there land is raised by tectonic activity.
rejuvenated rivers are found where there land is raised by tectonic activity.
Deposition is the process in which material is laid down or dropped.
sediment Rock and soil deposited by streams are called
inside Deposition occurs along the _______ bank of the bend where the water flows slower.
outside Erosion occurs along the _______ bank of the bend, where the water flows faster.
placer-deposits heavy minerals that are sometimes deposited at places in a river where the current slows down. ______________ Some of these deposits contained gold.
delta ______ a fan-shaped mass of material deposited at the mouth of a stream, which is mostly mud. Thes mud deposits eventually form new land and cause the coastline to grow.
alluvial fan ______ ___ a fan-shaped mass of material deposited by a stream when the slope of the land decreases sharply.
flood plain _____ ______ an area along a river that forms from sediments deposited when the river overflows its banks.
Floodplains are rich farming areas because periodic flooding bring new soil to the land. true
dam A _____ is a barrier that can redirect the flow of water.
levee a _______ is the buildup of sediment deposited along the channel of a river which can help control the overflow from a river.
flooding ________ brings rich soil to farmland but can also lead to property damage and death.
water table _____ ______ the upper surface of underground water; the upper boundary of the one of saturation.
acquifier Body of rock or sediment that stores groundwater and allows the flow of groundwater.
porosity The percentage of the total volume of a rock or sediment that consists of open spaces
permeability The ability of a rock or sediment to let fluid pass through its open spaces.
recharge zone An area in which water travels downward to become part of an aquifier.
artesian spring A spring whose water flows from a crack in the cap rock over the acquifier.
well Human-made hole that is deeper than the level of the water table.
Springs ______ are a natural way that water reaches the surface.
Wells ______ are made by humans
The water table Boundary between the zone of aeration and the zone of saturation.
Porosity and Permeability Defines an acuifier's ability to hold water and allow it flow through
Deposition Process that causes the formation of stalactites and stalagmites
Caves and Sinkholes form from the erosion of limestone by groundwater.
point-source pollution Pollution that comes from a specific site.
nonpoint-source pollution nonpoint-source pollution pollution that comes from many sources rather than from a single, specific site.
sewage treatment plant a facility that cleans the waste materials found in water that comes from sewers or drains.
septic tank A tank that seperates swolid waste from liquids that has bacteria that break down the solid waste.
septic tank type of wastewater treatment used in a home
wastewater can be treated by sewage treatment plants and septic systems
nitrate pollution pollution caused by runoff of fertilizer
sewage, fertilizer runoff, animal waste factors that affect dissolved oxygen in water
pollutants can decrease oxygen levels and increase nitrate levels in water causing harm to plants, animals, and humans.
dissolved oxygen Can protect fish from acid rain
point-source pollution and nonpoint-source pollution 2 kinds of water pollution
water resource that can be conserved by using only what is needed, by recycling, and by using drip irrigation systems
Created by: 1249525087
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