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Democracy&Constitutn

PES

QuestionAnswer
Public Policies All of the things a government decides to do
Government That complex of offices, personnel, and processes by which a state is ruled and by which public policies are made and enforced
Sovereignty Supreme, absolute power of a state within its own territory
Unitary System System of government in which all of the powers of the government are held by a single agency. Local governments are completely subordinate to and have only those powers given to them by the central government.
Federal System System of government with governmental powers divided between a central government and several regional governments.
Confederation System of government in which an alliance of independent states creates a central government of very limited power. Member states have supreme authority in all matters, except where the state expressedly delegated power to the central government.
Parliamentary System Form of government in which executive leadership is chosen by and responsible to the legislature, as well as being members of the legislature.
Monarchy System of government with a hereditary ruler.
Anarchy Total absence of government.
Dictatorship System of government in which those who rule cannot be held responsible to the will of the people.
Democracy System of government in which supreme authority rests with the people.
Plurality In an election, at least one more vote than that received by any other candidate. This may or may not be a majority of the total vote.
Common Law Body of law made up of generally accepted rights and wrongs developed over centuries by judicial decisions rather than in written statutes.
Magna Carta Great charter establishing the principle that the power of the monarchy was not absolute in England. Forced upon the king by his barons in 1215. This protected the fundamental rights of the people (trial by jury).
Social Contract People agree to be obedient subjects and the king agrees to be reasonable and fair.
English Bill of Rights Drawn up Parliament in 1689 to prevent abuse of power by English Monarchs. Forms the basis for much in American government and politics today.
Declaration of Independence U.S.A.'s revolutionary document declaring independence from other power.
Articles of Confederation Established "firm league of friendship" among States. Each State kept sovereignty, freedom, and independence, etc. used for Constitutional reasons.
Constitutional Convention of 1787 Decided to write a new Constitution to replace the Articles of Confederation.
Separation of Powers Separated the government into three branches: Legislative (Congress), Judicial (Supreme Court), and Executive (President).
Checks and Balances Each branch is subject to a number of constitutional checks by the other branches.
Constituents All persons represented by a legislator of other elected officeholder.
Elastic Clause Article 1 Section 8 Clause 18: Congress can use whatever laws needed to exercise enumerated powers.
Judicial Review Power of the courts to review the constitutionality of the actions of the legislative and executive branches of government.
Original Jurisdiction Power to hear a case first before any other court.
Marbury VS. Madison Established judicial review as a right of the Supreme Court.
Tenth Amendment Powers reserved to states
McCulloch VS. Maryland Necessary and Proper Clause
Extradition Fugitive from justice in a state is returned to the state in which they were tried.
Full Faith and Credit Constitution's requirement (Article 4 Section 1) that each state honor the validity of and give full faith and credit to the public acts, records, and judicial reviews of every other state.
Created by: bmaze
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