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fmboard allergy/pulm
FM board exam 2010
Question | Answer |
---|---|
anaphylaxis often requires what drug | epinephrine, antihistamines, steroids and inhaled beta agonist |
course of tx after needle stick from an HIV patient | 2 antiretrovirals for 4 weeks asap |
after positive ANA, what additional test are needed to confirm Lupus | anti-smith, anti-DNA, antiphospholipids |
most common cause of death in lupus patient | kidney failure |
4 categories of asthma | mild intermittent, mild persistent, moderate persistent, severe persistent |
mild intermittent | sx's less than 2 times per week |
mild persistent | sx's more than 2 times per week |
moderate persistent | sx's daily that occasional affect activity |
severe persistent | sx's daily that affect daily activities |
bronchiectasis | abnormal and irreversible dilation of the bronchi |
most common cause of bronchiectasis | cystic fibrosis |
what is found in 50-70% of cases of bronchietasis | hemoptysis |
what on physical exam may be diagnostic chronic hypoxemia | clubbing |
treatment of bronchiectasis | chest physiotherapy, mucolytics, antibiotics, bronchodilators and surgical resection |
test for cystic fibrosis | sweat test-put electrodes on the skin and test for how much chloride is present(too much idicates a dx) |
what genetic disorder is at risk for COPD | alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency |
pleural effusions: 2 types | transudate and exudate |
transudate | systemic cause to disrupt in the balance of making and getting rid of fluid |
exudate | local factors which disrupt the balance |
example of transudate | heart failure, cirrhosis , PE, nephritic syndrome |
example of exudate | cancer, pneumonia |
if amount of protein and ldh for pleural fluid and serum are given, how do you calculate whether fluid is exudate or transudate | pl fluid/serum |
if the pleural fluid/serum protein and LDH is over 0.5 | exudate otherwise considered a transudate |
compare clinical presentation of pneumothorax vs tension pneumothorax, both have 2 but tension may have 2 additional findings | both have acute onset chest and SOB but tension may have tachycardia and hypotensive |
pulmonary embolism findings on chest xray | westermack sign(lucent area) or hamptons hump(wedge shaped opacity that pints towards the hilus) |
2 complications of PE | pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale |
what type of skin lesions associated with sarcodosis | erythema nodosum |
erythema nodosum is defined as | inflammation of fat cells under the skin leading to tender, red nodules |
2 treatment for sarcodosis | steroids and methotrexate |
types of lung cancer | small cell(20%) and non small cell(80%)better prognosis over all |
types of non small cell | squamous cell, adenocarcinoma, and large cell |
how are lung cancers staged non small cell vs small cell | non small cell stage I-IV and small cell limited vs extensive spread |
how is lung cancer treated based on the type you have | non small cell-surgery then chemo and radiation, small cell-no surgery but chemo and radiation |
prognosis of lung cancer depends on 2 factors | cell type and stage |