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CHM 140
CH 24
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Why are vitamins needed in the body? | components of coenzymes and enzyme |
What chemicals makes up vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B5? | B1 (Thiamine) B2 (Riboflavin) B3 (Nicotinic acid) B5 (Pantothenic acid) |
What is the use of the B vitamins in the body in terms of metabolism? | part of the enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids |
What are the 2 main function of Vitamin C? | Ascorbic Acid function: acts as an electron donor for eight different enzymes and antioxidant |
What is the main function of Vitamin D? | Helps bone grow: Regulates Calcium and phosphorus in the blood |
What are the 3 main types of molecules used for communication? | Receptors, Chemical messengers, Secondary messengers |
agonist- | molecule that competes with a natural messenger for a receptor site; it binds to the receptor site and elicits the same response as the natural messenger |
antagonist- | molecule that blocks a natural receptor and prevents its stimulation |
androgen- | male sex hormones |
What is the distinction between a neurotransmitter and a hormone? | neurotransmitter- acts over a short distance (across a synapse) hormone-acts over a long distance (from the secretory organ, through the blood, to its site of action) |
What are the 5 classes of chemical messengers? | 1. cholinergic messengers-uses acetylcholine 2. amino acid messengers 3. adrenergic messengers 4. peptidergic messengers 5. steroid messengers |
Describe how acetylcholine catalyzes a nerve transmission. | ACh triggers a conformation change in the acetylcholine receptor protein; opens an ion channel. Na+ ions pass into it while K+ ions pass out. Translated into a nerve signal |
Where in the body does acetylcholine exert it main effect? | ACh receptor protein |
Name 4 inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitters. | Glycine, Taurine, B-alanine, y-butyric acid |
In what gland is epinephrine and norepinephrine synthesized? | adrenal medulla |
What two messengers in the body have functions that mainly have to do with the mood,behavior, and emotional makeup of a person? | Seratonin and Dopamine |
What neurotransmitter is released as an immune response to foreign antigens and may produce adverse effects in the bronchial cavity? | Histamine |
enkephalins- | (brain) they bind to specific pain receptors and seem to control pain perception |
corticotropin- | (pituitary) Stimulates adrenal cortex to produce and secrete adrenocortical hormones (eg, mineralcorticoids, glucocorticoids). |
What is the function of glucagon in the body? | causes liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose and releases into the bloodstream opposite of insulin in the pancras |