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FCCJ Endocrine Sy
Endocrine System NSG Chapter 11
| Word | Definition - Comment |
|---|---|
| Hormone | chemical messenger that has a regulatory effect on certain cells or organs. |
| Function of Hormone | affect other cells or organs; widespread effects on growth and bind to receptors on target cells. |
| Hormone chemistry | amino acid compounds and steroids (lipids from cholesterol) and produced by adrenal cortex and sex glands. |
| Pituitary glands | Regulated by hypothalamus |
| Thyroid gland hormones | What are T4 and T3 which increases metabolic rates? |
| Calcitonin | What decreases blood calcium levels? |
| Parathyroid glands | What secretes parathyroid hormone (PTH) which increases blood calcium levels? |
| Neurotransmitters | What are epinephrine and norepinephrine? |
| Glucocorticoids | What is released during stress to raise nutrients in blood; i.e. cortisol? |
| Mineralocorticoids | Used to regulate water and electrolyte balance; i.e. aldosterone? |
| Insulin | What lowers blood glucose? |
| Glucagon | What raises blood glucose? |
| Sex glands | This is needed for reproduction and development of secondary sex characteristics. |
| Testes | This secretes testerone. |
| Ovaries | This secrete estrogen and progesterone. |
| Thymus gland | This secretes thymosin, which aids in development of T lymphocytes |
| Pineal gland | This secretes melatonin |
| Pineal gland | This glands regulates sexual development and sleep-wake cycles. |
| Pineal gland | This is controlled by environmental light. |
| Stomach and small intestines | This secretes hormones that regulate digestion. |
| Kidneys | secretes erythropoietin whcih increases production of RBCs |
| Brain | releases and inhibits hormones, ADH, oxytocin |
| Atria of heart | ANP causes loss of sodium by kidney and lowers BP |
| Placenta | secretes hormones that maintain pregnancy and prepare breasts for lactation |
| Growth hormone | treatment of deficiency in children, in elderly for bone strength and body mass |
| Insulin | treatment of diabetes mellitus |
| Steroids | reduction of inflammation, suppression of immunity |
| Epinephrine | treatment of asthma, anaphylaxis shock |
| Thyroid hormone | treatment of hypothyroidism |
| Oxytocin | contraction of uterine muscle |
| Androgens | promotes healing |
| Estrogen and progesterone | contraception, symptoms of menopause |
| Agine-associated changes | this is linked with endocrine system changes; a loss of muscle and bone tissue |
| Negative feedback | self-regulating system in which the result of an action is the control over that action; keeping body conditions within a normal range and maintaining homeostasis |
| Positive feedback | a substance or condition that acts within a system to promote more of the same activity |
| Myelingtion | white matter |
| Neurons or dendrites | gray matter |
| Sensory receptors | free nerve ending |
| Synapses | a junction between two neurons |
| Function of a neuron | processes and transmits information and is composed of a cell body. |
| Where a neuron is found. | this is found in the brain and spinal cord and is nerves and ganglia of the peripheral nervous system. |
| Parasympathetic nervous system | one of three divisions of the autonomic nervous system; called rest and digest; sex. |
| Sympathetic nervous system | adrenal response of the body fibers; ends in the medulla. |
| dendritic tree | receives input from other neurons |
| axon | transmits output signal |
| central nervous system (CNS) | the largest part of the nervous system |
| enteric nervous system | a dependent part of the autonomic nervous system |
| function of the cerebellum | coordinates voluntary muscles; maintains balance and muscle tone |
| neurolgia | cells that serve for support and protection |
| cerebrospinal fluid | a clear liquid that circulates around the brain and spinal cord |
| ventricles | four spaces within the brain where cerebrospinal fluid is produced |
| meninges | protective structure of the brain and spinal cord |
| dura mater | tough outermost layer |
| mid-brain | reflex center connected with the vision and hearing connector |
| brain studies | imaging CT magnetic resonance (CAT), MRI, positron omission, EEG measures electrical waves |
| function of the brain stem | coordinating movements involving right and left sides of the body; major route for communication between the forebrain, the spinal cord, and peripheral nerves |
| pia meter | vascular innermost layer |
| arachnoid | web like layer |
| cerebrum | connected with the lower part of the brain |
| medulla oblongata | connects the brain and spinal cord |
| cerebrum | the largest part of the brain; divided by the right and left cerebral groves; called longitudinal tissue |
| diencephalon | between the cerebral hemisphere and the brain stem; included in the thalamus |
| hyopothalamus | homeostatsis; blood pressure |
| brain stem | connects the cerebrum and the diencephalon to the spinal cord |
| basal nuclei (ganglia) | regulates movement and facial expression |
| function of cerebral cortex | communication area; memory and learning process |
| cortex | outer layer of gray mater |
| cranial nerves | olfactory, optic, glossopharyngeal, vague |
| olfactory nerve | carries impulses |
| optic nerves | carries impulses from the eyes |
| glossopharyngeal | back of the tongue |
| vague | the longest cranial nerve |
| spinal cord | between the peripheral nervous system and the brain; helps coordinates impulses |
| The spinal cord | 31 nerves and vertebraes, 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal |
| neurotransmitters | chemicals that relays signals between neurons and cells |
| Groups of amino acids | peptides, monoamines, amino acids |
| glutamic acid | major work source of the brain |
| nerve transmitters | NA-sodium and K-potassium |
| dermatones | sensory neuron from all over the skin of the face and scalp; feeds information into the spinal cord |
| sensory system | protects a person by detecting change in the environment; becomes a stimulus |
| sensory receptors | vision receoptor of the ey; hearing - the inner ear; equilibrium - the inner ear |
| taste | tongue receptor |
| smell | upper nasal cavities |
| Fight or Flight Response | sympathetic nervous system; HR, Respiration and BP increases, blood flows to the arms and legs. |
| DUMBBLS | parasympathetic nervous system response: diarrhea, urinary retention, myosis-pupil constriction, bradycardia, bronchodilation, lacrimination-eyes tearing, salivation |
| role of the nervous system | chief coordinating agency of all systems; in and out of the body; must detect and respond to changes; known as stimuli |
| nervous system | includes the brain and the spinal cord |
| anatomic | brain and spinal cord; regulates body function; blood vessels, heart rate, involuntary |
| peripheral | nerves outside of the CNS that includes all the crainal nerves |
| somatic nervous system | body movement regulates activities that under conscious control voluntary muscles |
| autonomic nervous system | of higher life form that is not consciously controlled; involuntary |
| Number of groups within autonomic nervous sytem | sympathetic (adrenergic system) and parasympathetic (cholinergic) |
| outer ear | pinna auditory canal |
| meatus | tympanic membrane, eardrum |
| middle ear | ossicles malleus, Eustachian tube; connects middle ear with phayrnx to equalize pressure |
| inner ear | bony labryrinth |
| cochlea | contains recptor; equilibrium |
| cervical nerves | control the neck, diaphragm, deltoids, legs, triceps and hands |
| thoracic | chest muscles and abdominal muscles |
| lumbar | leg muscles |
| sacral nerves | the bowels, bladder, sexual activity and function |
| occipital lobe cortex | interprets impulses |
| muscle of the eye | adjusts the pupil |
| extrinsic muscles | voluntary muscles (short word) |
| intrinsic muscles | involuntary muscles (in and in go together) |
| Steps in vision | light refracts, muscles of iris adjust to pupil, ciliary muscle adjusts the lens, extrinsic eye muscles produce convergence, light stimulates retinal receptor cells, optic nerve transmits impulses to brain, occipital lob corvex interprets the impulses |
| the eye, upper and lower eyelids | What protects the eye? |
| eyelashes and eyebrows | What keeps foreign matter out of the eye? |
| conjunctiva | line the intersurface of the eyelid; covers the white of the eye |
| sclera | the white of the eye (pupil) |
| function of the retina | cells; dark adaptation when you are able to see again |
| choroid | pigmented, contains blood vessels |
| rectum | recptor layer |
| ACPS | adrenergic mimics sympathetic and cholinergic mimics parasympathetic |
| Anticholinergic | inhibits (goes against) parasympthetic so sympathic signs will appear |
| Antiadrenergic | inhibits (goes against) sympthetic so parasympathic signs will appear |
Created by:
lilhendy
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