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WVC pro-con chap 8,4
WVC pro-con chap 8,4 Carrie Nuxoll
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The increasing use of technological advances for rapid dx and tx often cause nurses to percieve the client relationship as... | Less Important |
| What is the heart of compotent Nursing Practice? | Caring Practices and Expert Knowledge |
| When you engage clients in a caring and compassionate manner, you learn that the therapuetic gain in caring makes enormous contributions to the ... | Health and well-being of our clients. |
| During times of illness or when a person seeks the professional guidance of a nurse, what is essential in helping the individual reach positive outcomes? | Caring |
| Define Caring | a universal phenomenon influencing the ways in which people think, feel , and behave in relation to one another. It is a word for being connected. |
| Caring means that... | persons, events, projects and things matter to people. |
| Caring determines what matters to a person, it describes the wide range of involvements from... | parenatal love to friendship, caring for work, caring for a pet, to caring for and about one's clients. |
| What provides motivation and direction for people to care? | personal concern for another person, event, or thing. |
| Caring is an inherent feature of nursing practice whereby nurses help clients... | recover in the face of illness, give meaning to an illness, and maintain or reestablish connection. |
| Caring helps nurses identify... | successful interventions, and this concern then guides future caregiving. |
| Caring is what for each client-nurse encounter? | specific and relational |
| Caring facilitates a nurse's ability to know... | a client, allowing the nurse to recognize a client's problems and to find and implement individualized solutions. |
| The relationship between health, illness, and disease | Health is not the abscence of illness, nor is illness identical with disease. Health is a state of being that people define in relation to their own values, personality and lifestyle. |
| Health exists along a.... | continuum. |
| Illness is... | the experience of loss or dysfunction. Illness therefore has meaning only within the context of a person's life. |
| Disease is... | the manifestation of an abnormality at the cellular, tissue, or organ level. |
| Some clients who have a disease such as arthritis or diabetes do not experience... | the sense of being ill or decrease in function. |
| Through caring relationships, nurses learn to... | LISTEN to client's stories in order to obtain understanding of a disease or illness.Thru this understanding a nurse can then provide theapeutic, cleint-centered care. |
| The transcultural perspective describes the concept of care as... | the essence and central, unifying, and dominant domain that distinguishes nursing from other health diciplines. |
| Caring is an essential... | human need, necessary for the health and survival of all individuals. |
| Care, unlike cure, assists a person or group in... | improving a human condition. |
| acts of caring.. | the nurturant and skillful activities, processes, and decisions to assist people in ways that are empathetic, compassionate, and supportive. |
| An act of caring is dependent upon... | the needs, problems, and values of the client. |
| Care is vital to... | the recovery from illness and to the maintenance of healthy life practices in ALL cultures. |
| Even though human caring is a universal phenomenon, what parts of caring vary among cultures? | the expressions, processes, and patterns. |
| For caring to achieve cure, nurses need to learn what that reflect human caring in different cultures to identify and meet the needs of all their clients? | culturally specific behaviors and words that reflect human caring. |
| What do clients and their families expect from nurses? | a high quality of human interaction |
| Watson's Theory of Caring(1979, 1988) | a holistic model for nursing that suggests that a concious intention to care promotes healing and wholeness. **It is complementary to conventional science and modern nursing practices. |
| Watson's Theory of Caring integrates human caring processes with... | healing environments,incorporating the life-generating and life-recieving processes of human caring and healing for nurses and their clients. |
| Watson's Theory of Caring describes a conciousness that allows nurses to... | raise new quesitons about what it means to a nurse, to be ill, and to be caring and healing. |
| According to Watson, the Transpersonal Caring Theory rejects the diease orientation to health care and places care before... | cure. |
| Transpersonal caring looks for... | deeper sources of inner healing to protect, enhance, and perserve a person's dignity, humanity, wholeness, and inner harmony. |
| In Watson's view, caring becomes almost... | spiritual with the emphasis on the nurse-client relationship. The focus is on the persons behind the client and the nurse, as well as the caring relationship. |
| When a connection forms between the one being cared for and the one caring the model is often called... | Transformative, because the relationship influences both the nurse and the client, for better OR worse. |
| The application of Watson's caring model in practice ehances nurses' ... | caring practices because the caring-healing conciousness promotes healing. |
| Swanson's Theory of Caring | (1991) describes caring as consisting of 5 category processes: -knowing -being with -doing for -enabling -maintaining belief |
| Swanson herself defined caring as... | a nurturing way of relating to a valued other, toward whom one feels a personal sense of commitment and responsibility. |
| Swanson's Theory of Caring supports the claim that... | caring is a central nursing phenomenon but not necessarily unique to the nursing practice. |
| Knowing (Caring process of Swanson's Theory) | Striving to understand an event as it has meaning in the life of the other *Subdimensions: -Avoiding assumptions -centering on the one cared for -assessing thoroughly -seeking cues -engaging the self or both |
| Being With (Caring process of Swanson's Theory) | Being emotionally present to the other *Subdimensions: -being there -conveying ability -sharing feelings -not burdening |
| Doing For (Caring process of Swanson's Theory) | Doing for the other as he/she would do for the self if it were at all possible *Subdimensions: -Comforting -anticipating -performing skillfully -protecting -preserving dignity |
| Enabling (Caring Process of Swanson's Theory) | Facilitating the other's passage through life transitions (e.g., birth, death) and unfamiliar events *subdimensions: -informing/explaining -supporting/allowing -focusing -generating alternatives -validating/giving feedback |
| Maintaining Belief (Caring Process of Swanson's Theory) | Sustaining faith in the other's capacity to get through an event or transition and face a future with meaning *subdimensions: -believing in/holding in esteem -maintaining a hope-filled attitude -offering realistic optimism -"going the distance" |
| Nurse caring behavior as perceived by families | Being honest; advocating for clients' preferences; clear explanations; informing family; interest in answering questions; quality care; privacy; assuring client that services will be available; teaching family how to keep client comfortable |
| Providing Presence | Person to person encounters provide a sense of closeness & caring. Presence is: eye contact; body language; & encouraging attitude. The makes themselves available to the client. |
| Touch | is relational & leads to a connection between nurse & client. Touch involves contact and non contact touch (eye contact) |
| Listening | True listening leads to knowing what the client is really saying and responding accordingly. Listening establishes trust and open lines of communication. |
| Caring seems highly invisible at times, like when a client and nurse enter a relationship of... | respect, concern, and support. |
| As a nurse practices caring, the client senses what on the part of the nurse ? | a sense of commitment in which the client is willing to enter into a relationship allowing the nurse to gain an understanding of the clients experience of illness. |
| client descriptions of nurses caring... | "putting the heart into it", "having an investment", "clients feel that you are with them"--->thus a nurse becomes a coach and partner rather than a detached provider of care. |
| When a nurse practices enabling, the client and nurse work together to identify... | alternatives and resources.EX: as a enables the client, diabetes management is explained and the nurse supports the client in progressing through self-care activities. |
| Exploring what questions with your client will assist you in understanding your clients perception of illness? | 1. How was your illness first recognized? 2. How do you feel about the illness? 3. How does the illness affect your daily life practices? |
| Knowing the context of a clients illness helps you... | choose adn individualize interventions that will actually help the client. |
| What are some recurrent caring behaviors on the nurses part that clients value? | 1. establishing a reassuring presence, recognizing an individual as unique, keeping a close, attentive eye on the client. |
| What clients experience in their interactions with institutional services and health care professionals, and what they think of that experience determines... | how clients use the health care system and how they can benefit from it. |
| As a nurse, it is also important to determine an individual clients... | perceptions adn unique expectations because often times these differ from the nurses perceptions of caring. |
| Caring is a... | moral imperative. Through caring for other human beings, ultimately human dignity is protected, enhanced, adn preserved. |
| It is imperative that nurses practice what for good conduct, charector, and motives? | ethical standards. The term ethics refers to the ideals of right and wrong behavior. |
| An ethic of care is unique so that... | professional nurses do not make professional decisions based solely on intellectual or analytical principles. |
| An ethic of care places what at the center of decision making? | caring--->EX: what resources should be used to care for an indigent client? or is it caring to place a disabled relative in a long-term care facility? |
| An ethic of care is concerned with... | relationships between people and the nurses charector and attitude toward others. |
| Nurses who function from an ethic of care are sensative to... | unequal relationships that lead to an abuse of one persons power over another--intentional or otherwise. |
| An ethic of care places the nurses as the clients... | advocate--->solving ethical dilemas by attending to relationships and by giving priority to each clients unique personhood. |
| Nursing behaviors related to caring include... | providing prescence, a caring touch, and listening. |
| Providing prescence is a... | person-to-person encounter conveying a closeness and a sense of caring. |
| Presence involves... | "being there" and "being with"--->not only a physical prescence, but also includes communication and understanding. |
| When a nurse is involved in an interpersonal relationship with a client, this type of presence is something that the nurse... | offers to the client with the purpose of achieving some goal, such as support, comfort, or encouragement to diminish the intensity of unwanted feelings, or for reassurance. |
| "Being With" is also interpersonal in that... | the nurse gives themselves, which means being available and at the clients disposal. |
| Ones human presence never... | leaves another unaffected...(I just thought this was cool!!!:)) |
| When a nurse establishes presence, what acts together to create an openess and understanding between nurse and client? | eye contact, body language, voice tone, listening, and having a posative and encouraging attitude |
| Establishing prescence with a client enhances the nurses ability to... | learn from the client. This strengthens teh nurses ability to provide adequate care. |
| It is especially important to establish presence when clients are experiencing... | stressful events or situations. EX: giving reassurance and thorough explanations about procedures, remaining at the clients side, coaching the clients through experiences. |
| the use of touch is one COMFORTING approach where the nurse reaches out to clients to... | communicate concern and support. |
| Touch involves to forms: | Obvious skin-to-skin contact, and noncontact touch which refers to eye contact. |
| Both kinds of touch are described within 3 categories: | 1. task-oriented touch 2. caring touch 3. protective touch |
| task-oriented touch | touch used when performing a procedure or task. A nurse learns that with any procedure is more effective when administered carefully and in consideration on any client concern. |
| Caring Touch | a form of nonverbal communication, which successfully influences a clients comfort and security, enhances self-esteem, and improves reality orientation. |
| How do you express caring touch? | the way in which you hold a clients hand, give a back massage, gently position a client, or participate in conversation. |
| Protective touch | a form of touch used to protect the nurse and/or client. The client views it either negatively or posatively. most obvious form is preventing an accident, ie hold or bracing a client to avoid a fall. |
| Protective touch is also the kind of touch that protects the nurse.... | emotionally.--->when a nurse withdraws themself from a client when the nurse is unable to tolerate suffering or needs to escape a tense situation. |
| Caring involves an interpersonal interaction that is much more than two persons simply talking back and forth and it is... | Listening--->it is key cuz it conveys the nurses full attention and interst. |
| Listening includes... | "Taking in" what the client says as well as INTERPRETATION and UNDERSTANDING and GIVING BACK that understanding. |
| True listening leads to... | a truly knowing and repsonding to what really matters to the client and family. |
| Any critical or chronic illness affects all of the clients... | life choices and decisions,and sometimes identity. |
| Caring through listening enables the nurse to... | be a participant in a clients life--->listening to life stories or events of client. |
| To listen effectively, listeners need to... | silence themselves to listen with openness--->silencing ones mouth and also the mind. |
| Through active listening, you begin to truly... | know your clients and what is important to them. |
| The time you take to listen effectively is worthwhile in both... | the information gained, and in the strengthening of the nurse-client relationship. |
| When actively listening you also pay attention to.. | persons words and tone of voice, expressions and body language to find cues to help assist client. |
| The concept of knowing your client comprises both the... | nurses understanding of a specific client and the nurses subsequent selection of interventions. |
| Intimate knowing of your client helps the nurse... | respond to what really matters to the client--->to know the client means that the nurse avoids assumptions, focuses on the client,and engages in a caring relationship that reveals information and cues that help facilitate critical thinking/clinical judge |
| Knowing the client is AT THE CORE of... | processes nurses use to make clinical judgments. |
| The caring relationships that a nurse develops over time coupled with knowledge and experience provide a rich source of... | meaning when changes in a clients clinical status occur. |
| Clinical decision making involves... | various aspects of knowing the client such as: responses to therapies, routines/habits, coping resources, physical capacities. |
| Nurses base care on... | knowing the client--->the clients percieve care as personalized, comforting, supportive and healing when nurses do this. |
| Success in knowing your client lies in... | the realtionship you establish with them. |
| To know a client is to enter into a caring, social process that results in... | "Bonding"--->then this sets the stage for the relationship to evolve intoa "working" and "changing" phases so that you help pt become involved in their own care. |
| Spiritual health occurs when... | a person finds a balance between their own life values, goals, and belief systems and those of others. |
| An individuals beliefs and expectations do have an effect on... | the persons physical well-being. |
| Spirituality offers a sense of connectedness on many levels: | Intrapersonally(connected w/oneself), interpersonally(connected w/others and the enviornment) transpersonally(connected with the unseen, God, or higher power.) |
| In a caring relationship, the client & nurse come to know one another so that both move toward a healing relationship by doing... | mobilizing hope for both client & nurse, finding an interpretation or understanding of illness, s/s, or emotions acceptable to client, assisting client in using social, emotional, or spiritual resources & recognizing that caring rel. connect us humans |
| When caring for a client, is is important to know the family almost as... | thouroughly as one knows the client.--->success w/ nursing interventions often depends on family's willingness to share info about the client. |
| Caring for the family takes into consideration the context of... | the clients illness and the stress it imposes on all the members. |
| Nurse Caring Behaviors as Percieved by Families | -being honest, -advocating for clients care preferences, -giving clear explanations, -keeping family memb. informed, -trying to make the client comfortable, -showing interest in answering questions honestly, -providing neccessary emergency care,ect. |
| Domain | the perspective of a profession, it provides the subject, central concepts, beliefs and values, phenomena of interests and the central problems of the discipline. |
| Paradigm | links science, philosophy, and theories accepted and applied by the discipline. |
| Environment | includes all possible conditions affecting the client and the setting in which health care occurs. |
| Nursing theory | is a conceptualization of some aspect of nursing communicated for the purpose of describing, explaining, predicting, and/or prescribing nursing care. |
| Theory | is a set of concepts, definitions and assumptions to explain a phenomenon. A theory explains how definitions, concepts, assumptions are uniquely related to the phenomenon. |
| Phenomenon | an aspect of reality that people consciously sense or experience. |
| Assumptions | Are the taken for granted statements that explain the nature of concepts definitions, purpose, relationships and structures of a theory. |
| Grand theories | a theory that is broad and provides a structural framework for abstract ideas about nursing to ‘umbrella’ under. |
| Middle range theories | A less abstract theory that addresses a specific phenomenon and reflect general nursing practice. |
| Descriptive theories | They describe a phenomena, speculate on why phenomena occur, and describe the consequences of phenomena. |
| Prescriptive theories | address nursing interventions for a phenomenon and predict the consequences of a specific nursing intervention. |
| Interdisciplinary theory | explains a systematic view of a phenomenon specific to the discipline of inquiry. (Piaget’s theory of cognitive development explains how children think) |
| Developmental theories | Human growth is an orderly predictive process that begins with conception and ends with death. |
| Psychosocial theories | The theoretical models that seek to explain the sociocultural, developmental and spiritual needs of the client. |
| Nightingale’s theory 1860 | Facilitating the body’s reparative processes by manipulating the clients environment. (noise, nutrition, hygiene, light, comfort, hope) |
| Peplau’s theory 1952 | Nursing is a significant, therapeutic , interpersonal process. Nurses participate in structuring health care systems to facilitate interpersonal relationships. |
| Henderson’s theory 1955 | assisting the individual sick or well, in the performance of those activities that will contribute to health, recovery or a peaceful death and that the individual would perform un-aided if they had the strength, will or knowledge. |
| Roger’s theory 1970 | maintain and promote health, prevent illness, and care for and rehabilitate clients through ‘humanistic science of nursing’. |
| Orem’s theory 1971 | Care for and help client attain total self care. |
| Leininger’s theory 1978 | Provide care consistent with nursing’s emerging science and knowledge, with caring as the central focus. |
| Roy’s theory | Identifies types of demands placed on a client, assess adaptation demands and help the client adapt. |
| Watson’s theory 1979 | Promote health, restore client to health and prevent illness. |
| Benner & wrubel 1989 | Focus on client’s need for caring as a means of coping with the stressors of illness. |
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