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Bronchial Asthma

QuestionAnswer
ANS controls the diameter of pulmonary airways and consequently? the resistance to airflow
Parasympathetic stimulation (vagus nerve) produces? Bronchoconstriction.
Sympathetic stimulation (beta 2-adrenergic receptors) increase? Bronchodilatation.
Bronchial smooth muscle also responds to inflammatory mediators that cause? Bronchoconstriction (histamine).
Examples of Obstructive Lung Disease? Bronchial asthma, COPD, Cystic Fibrosis
COPD? Emphysema Chronic bronchitis Bronchiectasis
Bronchial Asthma is a disease causing recurrent episodes of what? (inside symptoms) Airway obstruction, bronchial hyper responsiveness, airway edema and inflammation.
What is bronchial asthma characterized by?(outside/objective symptoms) Acute exacerbations, wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, cough.
Are bronchial asthma episodes reversible? Usually!
What is extrinsic (atopic or allergic) bronchial asthma? Initiated by Type I hypersensitivity reaction induced by exposure to extrinsic allergen or antigen.
When in a persons life does extrinsic bronchial asthma occur? Onset in childhood/adolescence.
IgE mediated activation of what cells? Eosinophils and mast cells.
What is the early phase of extrinsic bronchial asthma? (time, symptoms) 10-20 minutes. Bronchospasm, mucosal edema, increased mucous secretions.
What is the late phase of extrinsic bronchial asthma? (time, symptoms) 4-8 hours. Inflammation, increased airway responsiveness (prolong attack and promote exacerbations)
What is intrinsic bronchial asthma? Initiated by RTI, exercise, cold air, bronchial irritants or GI reflux, neurologically mediated.
What are some clinical features of bronchial asthma? Dyspnea- Expiration becomes prolonged because of progressive airway obstruction Air becomes trapped behind occluded and narrowed airways Hyperinflation of lungs and increased RV More energy needed to overcome tension Use of accessory muscle
Mismatch of ventilation and perfusion occurs causing? Hypoxemia.
To treat bronchial asthma what do you need to take control of? Contributing or exacerbating factors.
What is pharmacological treatment aimed at? Preventing/reversing airway obstruction and hyperresponsiveness caused by inflammatory process.
What are some medications to take? Bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory agents. Quick relief and long term meds.
Created by: 549590412
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