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wvc pro-con lecture
wvc pro-con lecture fall 2010
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Phoebe of Cenchreae | first visiting nurse |
| Discipline | training of the mind or character, a particular system of rules for conduct. |
| Unprofessional conduct example | the commission of any act involving moral turpitude, dishonesty, or corruption relating to the practice of the person’s profession, whether the act constitutes a crime or not. |
| A profession is | an occupation to which one devotes oneself & in which one has specialized expertise. |
| Six characteristics of a profession | STRONG THEROY BASE, SERVICE, CODE OF ETHICS ENFORCED, ON GOING RESEARCH, STANDARDS OF PRACTICE, EDUCATIONAL STANDARDS FOR ALL LEVELS OF PRACTICE |
| Knowledge base is | a foundation for nursing practice |
| A discipline’s primary purpose is; | Purist and development of knowledge;Society’s beliefs regarding Health and illness value placed on human life & nursing within a broader perspective of society |
| Lillian Wald | credited with beginning public health nursing and founded Henry St Settlement |
| Difference between and calling and a profession- | You chose the profession and the calling chooses you |
| Mildred Montag | Mother of associate degree nursing |
| Mary Mahoney | first African American Nurse |
| ANA Code of Ethics 1 | in all professional relationships, practices w/ compassion & respect for the dignity, worth, & uniqueness of individuals, unrestricted by considerations of social or economic status, personal attributes, or the nature of health problems. |
| ANA Code of Ethics 5. | The nurse owes the same duties to self as to others, including the responsibility to preserve integrity and safety, to maintain competence, and to continue personal and professional growth. |
| ANA Code of Ethics 6 | establishing, maintaining, & improving healthcare environments & conditions of employment conducive to the provision of quality health care & consistent w/ values of the profession through individual & collective action. |
| ANA Code of Ethics 2. | The nurse's primary commitment is to the patient, whether an individual,family, group, or community. |
| ANA Code of Ethics 3. | The nurse promotes, advocates for, and strives to protect the health, safety, and rights of the patient. |
| ANA Code of Ethics 4. | The nurse is responsible and accountable for individual nursing practice & determines the appropriate delegation of tasks consistent w\ the nurse's obligation to provide optimum patient care. |
| ANA Code of Ethics 7. | The nurse participates in the advancement of the profession through contributions to practice, education, administration, and knowledge development. |
| ANA Code of Ethics 8. | The nurse collaborates with other health professionals and the public in promoting community, national, and international efforts to meet health needs. |
| ANA Standards of Care Standard I. Assessment | The nurse collects patient health data |
| ANA Code of Ethics 9 | profession of nursing, as represented by associations & their members, is responsible for articulating nursing values, for maintaining the integrity of the profession & its practice, & for shaping social policy. |
| ANA Standards of Care Standard II. Diagnosis | The nurse analyzes the assessment data in determining diagnoses |
| ANA Standards of Care Standard III. Outcome Identification | The nurse identifies expected outcomes individualized to the patient |
| ANA Standards of Care Standard IV. Planning | The nurse develops a plan of care that prescribes interventions to attain expected outcomes. |
| ANA Standards of Care Standard V. Implementation | The nurse implements the interventions identified in the plan of care. |
| ANA Standards of Care Standard VI. Evaluation | The nurse evaluates the patient’s progress toward attainment of outcomes. |
| ANA Standards of Professional Performance Standard I. Quality of Care | The nurse systematically evaluates the quality and effectiveness of nursing practice. |
| ANA Standards of Professional Performance Standard II. Performance Appraisal | The nurse evaluates one’s own nursing practice in relation to professional practice standards and relevant statutes and regulations. |
| ANA Standards of Professional Performance Standard III. Education | The nurse acquires and maintains current knowledge in nursing practice. |
| ANA Standards of Professional Performance Standard IV. Collegiality | The nurse interacts with and contributes to the professional development of peers and other health care providers as colleagues. |
| ANA Standards of Professional Performance Standard V. Ethics | The nurse’s decisions and actions on behalf of patients are determined in an ethical manner. |
| ANA Standards of Professional Performance Standard VI. Collaboration | The nurse collaborates with the patient, family and other health care providers in providing patient care. |
| ANA Standards of Professional Performance Standard VII. Research | The nurse uses research findings in practice. |
| ANA Standards of Professional Performance Standard VIII. Resource Utilization | The nurse considers factors related to safety, effectiveness, and cost in planning and delivering patient care. |
| Bioethics | Built on the foundation of nursing and medical ethics; comes out of development of extraordinary technical advances in treatment and management of disease. |
| Ethical principles | what is good and valuable for all people. |
| Informed consent | nformed consent is more than simply getting a patient to sign a written consent form. It is a process of communication between a patient and physician that results in the patient's authorization or agreement to undergo a specific medical intervention. |
| Beneficence | doing good; actively seeks benefit; duty to do good for others |
| Burden/ benefit considerations | determined from the patient’s perspective; weighing the risk vs. benefit; likely outcome of each outcome |
| Paternalism | suggest father role & places the patient in the dependent role; arises in a situation where the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence are in conflict |
| Veracity | habitual truthfulness |
| Fidelity | Implies a duty to keep a promises; following through with care; meeting client’s reasonable expectations about the care given; not abandoning clients even when disagreement arise about client decisions. |
| Justice | Act fairly when interests of different groups are in completion; no prejudice; without discrimination |
| Confidentiality | respect & keep client privacy; med records cannot be copied, shared or forwarded without consent; don’t ever take any printed material outside facility |
| Hygiea | Greek Goddess of Healing |
| Nursing in the dark ages | Nuns and monks assumed nursing duties, hospitals were founded mainly out of the mission of the early Christians |
| Sisters of Charity | founded by St. Vincent De Paul who dedicated his life to improve conditions for the sick. |
| Pastor Kaiserwerth | established first school of nursing in Germany (1836) Also established a hospital and a parish. |
| Florence Nightingale, The Lady Of the Lamp (1820-1910) | Credited for making nursing a respected profession; care practices she developed reduced mortality rates for the sick; founded Nightingale School & Home for Nurses; Started Public Health Nursing; Initiated “ treating the Patient rather than the Disease” |
| Clara Barton | Founded International Red Cross, prepare in advance for war and disaster |
| Dorothea Dix | Improved conditions in jails and established psychiatric institutions; also became the superintendent of female nurses of the army. |
| Linda Richards | First trained nurse in America, Graduated from New England Hospital for Woman and Children |
| Isabel Hampton Robb | Initiated important reforms in nursing, starting at the student level. Eliminated ‘private duty’ requirements & reduced workloads. |
| Mary Adelaide Nutting | Separated nursing schools from the hospitals; First professor of Nursing. |
| Orem’s Theory | Helping the client take care of themselves; helping the client to be as independent as possible. |
| Autonomy | recognizes the right of all people to determine his/ her own course of action; self determination; respects right of each person to hold differing views & make choices accordingly |
| Nonmaleficence | Do no harm; based upon sacredness of human life; never intend to directly harm or kill; when we can’t completely do this ‘do as little harm as possible. |
| Informed consent | documents which indicate a client’s wishes. |
| Continuum of professional behavior | Zone of helpfulness the balance between being over involved and under involved |
| Health | is a state of wholeness |
| Individuals are | an integrated whole: physical, psychological, cultural, social, and spiritual beings who have the capacity for self care to maintain life, health & well being. |
| Environment | physical & psychosocial factors that influence or affect the life & survival of the client. |
| Professional nursing | professional nursing is grounded in the biological, psychological, sociological, and spiritual sciences. Devoted to promoting maintaining & restoring health as well as supporting peaceful & dignified death. |
| Responsibility vs accountability | responsibility refers often to tasks; accountability has more to do with how well you performed your tasks |
| Caring is | at the heart of a nurse’s ability to work with people; caring builds relationships; caring helps people cope; caring gives hope. Caring is ‘standing in the gap’ where there is a whole between illness and wellness. |
| Types of nursing programs | LPN; RN; BSRN; MSRN; PhDRN; state accreditation is required for all nursing schools. |
| Washington State Nursing Care Quality Assurance Commission (WSNCQAC) | Defines legal requirements for nurses; criteria for education of nurses; sets standards for licensure; has authority to suspend or revoke license. |
| National Council of State Board of Nursing (NCSB) | LPN and RN must pass a licensure exam; NCLEX is administered by this board. |
| Distributive Justice | fair distribution of resources; presumes equality of persons; obligation to uphold principles is more important than consequences of action; equitable access to basic health care ex.: organ transport (ranking criteria), |
| Utilitarianism | based upon the outcome; what is useful for the greatest number of people; also know as situation ethics; maximize greatest good; moral choices are determined by their outcome; world view is seen in shades of gray. Deontology (Kant) |
| Ethics | a branch of philosophy referred to as moral philosophy; attempts to determine what is right or good; seeks to provide answers to some of the questions of human conduct that arises in life. |
| Moral reasoning# | typically based on religious beliefs; societal influences; education; group norms; cultural influences; & life experiences. |
| Professionalism | patient safety & welfare first; helpfulness; professional distance; respect for patient and family; professional behavior. |
| Non professionalism | over involvement with the patient; exploitation; abuse of power; secretiveness; excessive self disclosure |
| Excessive disclosure can be | a barrier to communication |
| Plaintiff | the person or entity bringing the claim or suit. |
| Defendant | the person or entity against whom the suit is brought |
| Elements of Negligence | 1. Duty to act 2. Breach of duty 3.proximate cause 4. Harm or damage as a result |
| Malpractice | dereliction of professional duty through negligence, ignorance or criminal intent. |
| Statute of limitations | Requires that a claim be filed within a specific time period. |
| Civil law | AKA Tort; Case brought by an individual or entity against another individual or entity because a harm was caused. Penalty is almost always monetary. |
| Criminal Law | case brought by state or federal government; classified as either a misdemeanor or a felony.; penalty may be a fine or imprisonment. |
| Nurse Practice Act | Law written & passed by the state legislature- governs nursing practice. Also designates formation of State Board of Nursing. |
| State board of nursing | Consists of nurses & others, usually appointed by the governor; Responsible for nursing practice, nursing licensure; nursing education & disciplinary action. |
| Standard of care | a measure of care that a reasonable & sensible person with the same level of training, would use in the same situation. |
| Standard of care is determined by various sources: | Nurse practice act; State Board of Nursing; Federal and State laws regulating hospitals & other institutions; Nursing organizations; Policies & procedures of employing institutions; expert testimony. |
| Nursing liability | could be charged with criminal law; be charged with a civil suit; face administrative penalty (administrative law) |
| Administrative law | where the state board gets involved |
| Criteria for nursing malpractice | owed a duty to plaintiff; for the plaintiff to win they must prove all 4 to win (. Duty to act 2. Breach of duty 3.proximate cause 4. Harm or damage as a result); to disprove charge and be exonerated defendant must disprove one of the four. |
| Student nurses | held to the same standard of care as licensed nurse; must be adequately prepared & supervised; must not perform outside of current scope of training or education; when working in another capacity must not perform outside of the scope of that job. |
| Malpractice Insurance | at the minimum insurance will provide legal defense/ some belief it makes you a target for litigation. |
| Good Samaritan Law | protect you at the scene of an accident as long as you act within scope of practice and without gross negligence. |
| Common negligent acts that result in suit | failure to report significant changes in client status; med errors; IV errors; burns; falls; sterile technique failure; errors in count of sponges, needles, ect in OR; failure to give report (or complete report); failure to monitor patient adequately. |
| Verbal orders | Increase possibility of error. Should be put in writing ASAP. MD cannot give verbal orders to students. |
| DNR issues | written, specific…all clients are full code unless specified otherwise. |
| Floating | request orientation or cross training; report lack of skill in pertinent skills; negotiate assignment adjustment |
| Abandonment | left your patient when you had a duty to act. |
| Consent | voluntary agreement by client to allow touching, exam or treatment. |
| Implied consent | Client unable to give consent & medical care is urgently needed. Client’s behavior indicates care is wanted and consent is assumed. |
| Informed consent | Client’s right to make informed choice; Person must be mentally & physically component; older than 18; must be voluntary & written; person must understand (procedure, risk/benefit, expected results; alternative treatment; risk & benefit to no treatment) |
| Nurses role with informed consent | can only sign as a witness, must notify MD if the patient indicates a lack of understanding |
| Protecting your license | Educate yourself; provide high quality care, Document thoroughly; care; 5 rights of med admin., err on the side of caution; use sterile technique; communicate clearly w/ staff; monitor changes & notify MD; document changes & communication w/ MD. |
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