A review of People for World History 1500AD to the Present
Description
Name
Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztecs
Hernando Cortes
Spanish conquistador who conquered the Incas
Francisco Pizarro
Spanish king and queen who finanaced Columbus' voyage
Ferdinand & Isabella
Patron of exploration; from Portugal
Prince Henry the Navigator
Portuguese explorer; first to find a water route to India
Vasco da Gama
His crew was the first to circumnavigate the globe
Ferdinand Magellan
French explorer who claimed much of modern eastern Canada
Jacques Cartier
English explorer; ship was the Golden Hind; second to circumnavigate the globe
Francis Drake
Tried to find a westward route to Asia; instead he discovered the New World
Christopher Columbus
Leader of the Aztecs
Montezuma
Patron family of the renaissance
Medici
Writer of Praise of Folly; humanist
Erasmus
Writer of Don Quixotre
Miquel de Cervantes
Renaissance English playwriter
Shakespeare
developed the printing press
Gutenberg
painter of the Sistine Chapel; sculpted David and the Pieta
Michelangelo
painted the Last Supper and Mona Lisa; ideal Renaissance man
Leonardo da Vinci
Romantic painter; used landscapes; painted Liberty Leading the People
Eugene Delacroix
Protestant reformer; believed in predestination
John Calvin
First protestant reformer; 95 theses
Martin Luther
Protestant reformer; became leader of Anglican Church of England with the Act of Supremacy; split with the Catholic Church because he was refused a divorce
Henry VIII
Catholic group who tried to convert people to Catholicism
Jesuits
founder of Judaism
Abraham
he led the Jews out of Egypt; 10 Commandments
Moses
founder of Buddhism
Siddhartha Gautama
founder of Islam
Muhammad
founder of Christianity; he is called the Messiah
Jesus
Queen who continued strengthening the Anglican Church; daughter of Henry VIII
Elizabeth I
head of the Catholic Church
Pope
came to power during the Glorious Revolution; had to accept Parliament's Bill of Rights which limited the power of the monarch(s) and increased the power of Parliament
William and Mary
English king during the Restoration period
Charles II
killed during the English Civil War
Charles I
fled during the Glorious Revolution
James II
changed the 30 years war from a religious to a political one
Cardinal Richelieu
leader of the Reign of Terror
Robespierre
French king who was guillotined along with his wife Marie Antoinette
Louis XVI
absolute monarch of Prussia; militarism
Frederick the Great
absolute monarch of Russia; westernization
Peter the Great
Absolute monarch of France; "I am the state"; Palace of Versailles
Louis XIV
Leader of the Congress of Vienna; conservative
Prince Klemens von Metternich
He ended the French Revolution with his coup de etat; wanted to conquer all of Europe; defeated at Waterloo
Napoleon
He united southern Italy; leader of the Red Shirts
Guiseppe Garibaldi
He united northern Italy; great politican
Camillo Cavour
He is responsible for uniting Prussia to become Germany; believed in realpolitik
Otto von Bismarck
Led a slave revolt in Haiti
Toussaint L'Ouverture
Led independence movement in much of South America
Simon Bolivar
Developed the heliocentric theory
Copernicus
Founded the scientific method
Francis Bacon
Discovered the laws of planetary motion; said the planets revolved around the sun in ellipses not perfect circles; the closer the planet got to the sun the faster it orbited around
Johannes Kepler
He supported the heliocentric theory; used the telescope to discover Saturn's rings; and 4 of the moons around Jupiter; brought before the Inquisition for heresy
Galileo
He discovered the laws of motion; gravity; developed calculus
Isaac Newton
He is responsible for discovering the circulation of the blood in the human body
William Harvey
Enlightenment philosopher who believed in separation of church and state; wrote Candide
Voltaire
Enlightenment philosopher; natural rights of life, liberty, and property which was later used by Jefferson in the Declaration of Independence
John Locke
Enlightenment philosopher who wrote about three equal branches of government (judicial, legislative, and executive).
Montesquieu
Enlightenment philosopher who wrote Leviathan; said people were naturally selfish and brutal and needed an absolute monarch to govern
Thomas Hobbes
Enlightenment philosopher who wrote Social Contract; said people had the power to rule (popular sovereignty)
Rousseau
leader of the Roundheads during the English Civil War
Oliver Cromwell
ruling family of the southern part of the Holy Roman Empire; Catholic; involved in the Thirty Years War
Hapsburg
discovered a cheaper way for making steel
Henry Bessemer
inventor of the cotton gin
Eli Whitney
developed the first steam engine
James Watt
discovered germs; bacteria
Louis Pasteur
discovered vaccination for small pox
Edward Jenner
wrote "Wealth of Nations"; founder of capitalism
Adam Smith
wrote the "Communist Manifesto" and "Das Kapital"; founder of communism
Karl Marx
US Navy Admiral who forced Japan to open trade
Commodore Matthew Perry
He gained India's independence with passive resistance
Gandhi
leader of South Africa; help to end apartheid
Nelson Mandela
leader of Kenya in Africa
Jumo Kenyatta
his death started World War I; leader of Austria-Hungary
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
US President during WWI; his peace plan was the 14 points, which called for the League of Nations
Woodrow Wilson
Russian czar who was killed along with his family in the Russian Revolution of 1917
Nicholas II
leader of the Bolsheviks; created the first communist state
Vladimir Lenin
fascist dictator of Germany; leader of the Nazi Party; wrote "Mein Kampf". He was able to come to power because of the Great Depression and the failure of the Treaty of Versailles
Adolf Hitler
fascist dictator of Italy during WWII
Benito Mussolini
Emperor of Japan during WWII
Hirihito
general of Japan during WWII; he had more power than the emperor
Tojo
totalitarian leader of Russia/Soviet Union during WWII; 5 Year Plan; collectivization; Great Purge
Joseph Stalin
US General of Europe during WWII; later becomes President
Dwight D. Eisenhower
US General of the Pacific during WWII; responsible for rebuilding Japan after WWII
Douglas MacArthur
His plan gave billions to rebuild Western Europe after World War II
George Marshall
US President at the end of WWII; he decided to drop the atomic bomb on Japan; his doctrine said the US would stop the spread of communism
Harry S. Truman
US President during the Great Depression and most of WWII
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Prime minister of Great Britain/England during World War II; "iron curtain" speech during the Cold War
Winston Churchill
Leader of Germany during World War I
Kaiser Wilheim
communist leader of Cuba; allowed Soviet Union to put nuclear weapons in Cuba
Fidel Castro
Soviet leader at the end of the Cold War
Mikhail Gorbachev
US President contributed with ending the Cold War; built up the US military
Ronald Reagan
leader of the Communists during the Chinese Revolution
Mao Zedong or Tse-tung
Leader of the Nationalists during the Chinese Revolution; went to Taiwan after he was defeated
Poultry
