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Chabner, Chapter 2
Language of Medicine, Chapter 2, Terms Pertaining to the Whole Body
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| chromosomes | structures in the nucleus containing genes |
| cytoplasm | all the material outside the nucleus but inside the cell membrane |
| endoplasmic reticulum | structures within the cytoplasm where ribosomes are found |
| karyotype | picture of chromosomes in the nucleus |
| metabolism | total chemical process in a cell |
| mitochondria | structures in the cytoplasm in which foods are burned |
| nucleus | control center of the cell |
| 4 types of tissue | epithelial, muscle, connective, nerve |
| 4 types of cells | muscle, fat, nerve, epithelial |
| 9 systems of the body | digestive, urinary, respiratory, reproductive, endocrine, nervous, circulatory, musculoskeletal, and skin and sense organs |
| 2 main endocrine glands | pituitary gland in brain, thyroid gland in neck |
| viscera | internal organs |
| 5 body cavities | cranial, spinal, thoracic, abdominal, pelvic |
| mediastinum | central space between lungs |
| diaphragm | muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities |
| peritoneum | membrane surrounding abdominal organs |
| pleura | membrane surrounding each lung |
| 5 divisions of the back | cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal |
| vertical plane dividing body into right and left sides | sagittal plane |
| horizontal plane separating the body into upper and lower portions | transverse plane |
| frontal plane | separates the body into front and back portions |
| abdomin/o | abdomen |
| adip/o | fat |
| anter/o | front |
| cervic/o | neck (of body or uterus) |
| chondr/o | cartilage |
| chrom/o | color |
| coccyg/o | coccyx (tailbone) |
| crani/o | skull |
| dist/o | far, distant |
| dors/o | back portion of the body |
| hist/o | tissue |
| ili/o | ilium (part of the pelvic bone) |
| inguin/o | groin |
| later/o | side |
| lumb/o | lower back |
| medi/o | middle |
| nucle/o | nucleus |
| pelv/o | hip, pelvic cavity |
| poster/o | back, behind |
| sacr/o | sacrum |
| spin/o | spine, backbone |
| thorac/o | chest |
| trache/o | trachea (windpipe) |
| umbilic/o | navel |
| ventr/o | belly side of the body |
| vertebr/o | vertebrae |
| viscer/o | internal organs |
| inter | between |
| meta | change |
Created by:
Ashleeboden
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