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5th Science - Unit 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a mountain? | An area of land that naturally rises higher than the surrounding land. |
| What is the difference between elevation and actual height? | The elevation of a montain is the height from sea level to the summit. The actual height is from the base of a mountain to the summit. |
| Why is Mt. Everest the highest mountain in the world, when its actual height is only 12,000 feet? | Because the base of the maountain is at such a high elevation. |
| What is a mountain range? | A series of mountains in a given area. |
| What is a mountain system? | A group of mountain ranges. |
| What is the highest mountain system and where is it located? | Himalaya-Karakoram System is the highest and it is located between India and China. |
| seismograph | equipment used for detecting earthquakes |
| tsunami | Giant waves triggered by an earthquake |
| epicenter | Location on the surface of the earth above the focus of an earthquake |
| focus | Location of the origin of an earthquake |
| aftershock | Smaller earthquakes occuring after a major earthquake |
| earthquake | Rapid movement of the earth's crust |
| What causes earthquakes to occur? | Tectonic plates moving against each other causing strain on the rocks which can lead to rock breakage |
| How often do earthquakes happen? | several times a day but are not felt |
| Give a good visual analogy of the movement of earthquakes. | Ripples in a pond when a rock is dropped into the water |
| Name the three types of earthquake waves. | Primary waves, Secondary waves, and Long waves |
| Where do earthquakes most often occur? | Along boundaries of tectonic plates |
| How long is the longest tremor that has been recorded in the United States? | 4 minutes |
| What is a fault? | A crack in the rock where the earth has moved. |
| Does a fault cause an earthquake or does an earthquake cause a fault? | An earthquake causes a fault.. |
| What is one of the most famous faults? | The San Andreas Fault |
| Where is the famous San Andreas Fault located? | From San Francisco, California into Mexico |
| What does the Richter Scale measure? | The magnitude or strength of an earthquake. |
| What is a volcano? | A hole from which lava erupts or the mountain formed by the lava |
| What causes a volcano to erupt? | Friction between moving plates heats up the mantle which in turn heats up the magma causing it to expand. This expansion builds up pressure and results in a volcanic eruption. |
| What is lava? | magma or melted rock that reaches the earth's surface |
| What is the difference between lava and magma? | Magma is below the earth's surface and lava is magma above the surface of the earth. |
| What can come out of a volcano besides lava? (Describe each.) | Ash - tiny fragments of rock Cinders - large fragments of rock Bombs - blobs of lava that solidify in the air Gases - steam, carbon dioxide, and many others |
| List the three main parts of a volcano. | Magma Chamber, Central Vent, and Crater (the crater is sometimes called a caldera) |
| What are the three stages or states of a volcano? | Active, dormant, and extinct |
| What is the "Ring of Fire"? | An area encircling the Pacific Ocean that consists of numerous active volcanoes. |
| What is a shield volcano? | A shield volcano has gently sloping sides and is formed when mostly lava is emitted. |
| What is a cinder cone volcano? | A cinder cone volcano has steep sloping sides and is formed when mostly ashes, cinders, and bombs are emitted. |
| What is a composite volcano? | A composite volcano has a symmetrical cone shape and is formed when alternating between mostly lava and mostly solid material. |
| What is ash? | tiny fragments of solid rock, less than 0.2 inches in diameter. |
| What is pumice? | A light, porous, glassy lava, used in solid form as an abrasive and in powdered form as a polish and an abrasive |
| What is cinder? | Larger fragments of solid rock, 0.2 - 1 inch in diameter. |
| What is an active volcano? | An active volcano is one that has erupted at least once in the past fifty years. |
| What is a domant volcano? | A dormant volcano is one that has not erupted in the past 50 years but are expected to erupt in the future. |
| What is an extince volcano? | An extinct volcano is one that has not erupted in the past fifty years and is not expected to erupt again in the foreseeable future. |
| What is a geyser? | Natural fountains that throw up jets of hot water and steam at regular intervals thrugh a vent in the surface. |
| How is a geyser formed? | Surface water seeps into the earth until it reaches hot rocks heated by magma. The water turns to steam and rises causing pressure to build up which forces an eruption of water out of the vent. |
| What is thermal gradient? | The consistent rising of the earth's temperature as you head towards the core. (87 degrees F. per mile) |
| What is a hot spring? | Pools of hot water found on the earth's surface. |
| What's the difference between a hot spring and a mud pot? | A mud pot is a hot spring which contains more dirt than water. |
| What is a spouter? | An active hot spring which continually bubbles and gives off steam. |
| What is a fumarole? | A steam vent - when super heated water reaches the surface as steam only. |
| What causes heated ground water to smell like rotten eggs? | the presence of hydrogen sulfide |
| What causes the mud in a mud pot to be different colors? | the presence of minerals |
| What is the most famous geyser in the world and where is it located? | Old Faithful is the world's most famous geyser and it is in Yellowstone National Park. |
Created by:
lmurfin
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