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Chapter 1 Cul Ant

Cultural Anthropology

QuestionAnswer
anthropological linguistics The anthropological study of languages
anthropology Discipline that studies humans/focusing on study of differences & similarities/both biological & cultural/in human populations. Anthrop is concerned with typical biological & cultural characteristics of human populations in all periods & all parts world.
applied (practicing) anthropology The branch of anthropology that concerns itself with applying anthropological knowledge to achieve practical goals, usually in the service of an agency outside the traditional academic setting.
archaeology Branch of anthrop seeks 2 reconstruct daily life & customs of people who lived in the past & 2 trace & explain cultural change. Often lacking written records 4 study, archaeologists must try 2 reconstruct history from material remains of human cultures.
biological (physical) anthropology The study of humans as biological organisms, dealing with the emergence and evolution of humans and with contemporary biological variations among human populations.
cross-cultural researcher Ethnologist who uses ethnographic data about many societies 2 test possible explanations/cultural variation 2 discover gen'l patterns about cultural traits--what is universal, what is variable, why traits vary, & what consequences of variability might be.
cultural anthropology The study of cultural variation and universals in the past and present.
descriptive (structural) linguistics The study of how languages are constructed.
ethnographer A person who spends some time living with, interviewing, and observing a group of people to describe their customs.
ethnography A description of a society's customary behaviors and ideas.
ethnohistorian An ethnologist who uses historical documents to study how a particular culture has changed over time.
ethnology The study of how and why recent cultures are different and are similar.
explanation An answer to a why question. In science, there are two kinds of explanations that researchers try to achieve: associations and theories.
fossils The hardened remains or impressions of plants and animals that lived in the past.
historical archaeology A specialty within archaeology that studies the material remains of recent peoples who left written records.
historical linguistics The study of how languages change over time.
holistic Refers to an approach that studies many aspects of a multifaceted system
Homo sapiens All living people belong to one biological species, Homo sapiens, which means that all human populations on earth can successfully interbreed. The first homo sapiens may have emerged 100,000 years ago.
Human paleontology The study of the emergence of humans and their later physical evolution. Also called paleoanthropology.
human variation The study of how and why contemporary human populations vary biologically.
hypotheses Predictions, that may be derived from theories, about how variables are related.
laws (scientific) Associations or relationships that are accepted by almost all scientists.
measure To describe how something compares with other things on some scale of variation.
operational definition A description of the procedure that is followed in measuring a variable.
paleoanthropology The study of the emergence of humans and their later physical evolution. Also called paleoanthropology.
prehistory The time before written records.
Primates A member of the mammalian order Primates, including prosimians, monkeys, apes, and humans.
primatologists Persons who study primates.
sociolinguistics The study of cultural and subcultural patterns of speakingin different social contexts
statistical association A relationship or correlation between two or more variables that is unlikely to be due to chance.
theoretical construct Something that cannot be observed or verified directly.
theories Explanations of associations or laws.
variables A thing or quantity that varies.
Created by: LMerkiel
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