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Unit 15
Infection Control Unit (updated)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cocci that occur in clusters or groups are called | staphylococci |
| Threadlike projections that are similar to tails and allow an organism to move are called | flagella |
| Parasitic microorganisms carried by fleas, lice, ticks, and mites are | rickettsiae |
| Which of the following diseases is not caused by a virus? | tuberculosis |
| In the chain of infection, a pathogen leaving the body through sexual secretions is an example of | portal of exit |
| In the chain of infection, an instrument contaminated with blood acts as a | reservoir |
| The process that destroys pathogenic organisms but is not always effective against spores and viruses is | chemical disinfection |
| An OSHA Bloodborne Pathogen Standard - | provide PPE, enforce rules of not eating, drinking, smoking, or applying cosmetics in any area that can be contaminated, provides training on all regulations to all employees at no cost during working hours |
| Under standard precautions, what personal protective equipment should be worn during the delivery of a baby? | gloves, gown, mask, protective eye wear |
| Standard precautions were developed by | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
| How many days do items usually remain sterile after being autoclaved? | 30 days |
| The best method for sterilizing instruments that may corrode is | dry heat |
| How much of the border around the outside of a sterile field is considered contaminated? | 2 inches |
| The best transfer method to use when placing a sterile bowl on a sterile field is the | mitten technique |
| An N-95, N-100, or more powerful filtering mask such as a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) mask must be worn for | airborne precautions |
| Antibiotics are effective medications for pathogenic | rickettsiae |
| The Needle stick Safety and Prevention Act requires employers to do | maintain a sharps in jury log, identify and use effective and safer medical devices, and solicit input from employees who are responsible for direct patient care. |
| Bacteria that are round or spherical in shape are called | Cocci |
| One-celled animal-like organisms found in decayed materials and contaminated water | Protozoa |
| Simple plantlike organisms such as yeasts and molds | Fungi |
| Smallest microorganisms, visible only by using an electron microscope | Viruses |
| Any organism that requires oxygen in order to live and reproduce | Aerobic |
| An infection present in a health care facility and transmitted by health care workers to the patient | Nosocomial |
| An infection that occurs when the body defenses are weak | Opportunistic |
| A process that prevents or inhibits the growth of pathogenic organisms | Antisepsis |
| Any object that may contain pathogens | Contaminated |
| An infection or disease that originates within the body | Endogenous |
| Bacteria that are spiral or corkscrew in shape | Spirilla |
| Process that destroys all microorganisms including spores and viruses | Sterilization |
| Bacteria that are rod-shaped | Bacilli |
| Any organism that causes infection and disease | Pathogen |
| An organism that lives and reproduces in the absence of oxygen | Anaerobic |
| Cilia are tiny, hairlike structures that line the respiratory tract. What do they propel out of the body? | pathogens |
| What are part of the normal flora of the body and are beneficial in maintaining certain body processes? | microorganisms |
| What cannot reproduce unless they are inside another living cell. | Viruses |
| A disease originating outside the body is called | exogenous |
| Steam under pressure, gas, and radiation can be used to... | sterilize objects. |
| How should fingertips be pointed while washing hands? | downward |
| Who should be considered a potential source of infection | Every patient |
| Gloves must be worn during any procedure that is likely to cause splashing of | blood or other body fluids. |
| Whenever possible, what should be used to avoid the need for mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. | mouthpieces or resuscitation devices |
| When would you report a cut, injury, or needle stick—no matter how minor? | immediately |
| What must be followed at all times by all health care workers? | Standard precautions |
| To remove a contaminated mask, handle it by the | ties |
| What can be used to remove oil from instruments before they are sterilized? | Alcohol or ether |
| The length of time and amount of pressure required to sterilize different items... | varies |
| Instruments that do not penetrate body tissue may be disinfected with... | chemicals |
| Ultrasonic solutions are toxic and can cause | skin irritation |
| Ultrasonic beakers etched with a white opaque coating must be | discarded |
| If a sterile towel gets wet, it should not be used because it is | contaminated |
| Beginning at the center of a wound what cleaning motion should be used? | circular |
| What should be applied so it runs opposite from body movement or action. | tape |
| What type of isolation depends on the causative agent of the disease and the way the organism is transmitted. | transmission-based |
| What type of precautions are used on all patients. | Standard |
| Who cannot wear a standard filtering mask? | Men with facial hair |
| Masks must be changed how often | every 30 minutes |
| A few chemicals will kill spores and viruses, but these chemicals frequently require that instruments be submerged in the chemical for how long. | 10 or more hours |
| Specific body defenses that allow an individual to fight off a pathogen and not contract a disease- | mucous membrane lining respiratory, digestive, and reproductive tracts; cilia; coughing and sneezing; hydrochloric acid in the stomach; tears in the eyes; fever; inflammation; immune response |
| Causative agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host | Six parts of the chain of infection. |
| When you arrive and immediately before leaving a facility; before and after every patient contact; anytime they become contaminated; before and after removing gloves; before and after handling any specimen; after contact with soiled or contaminated item; | six times the hands must be washed. |
| Different body fluids that are considered infectious under standard precautions. | blood, mucus, sputum, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, feces, vomitus |
| Sensitivity marks on bags or wraps, indicator capsules | examples of autoclave indicators. |
| Examples of chemical solutions that can be used as disinfectants. | Cidex, benzalkonium (Zephiran), 90 percent isopropyl alcohol, formaldehyde-alcohol, 2 percent phenolic germicide, 10% bleach, Lysol |
| bubbles created by the sound waves strike the item being cleaned and explode to drive the cleaning solution onto the article | The process of cavitation in an ultrasonic unit. |
| Points that should be checked before opening any wrapped sterile article. | contents, date, autoclave indicator, condition of package (dry, secure, sealed) |
| Patients whose immune systems have been depressed prior to receiving transplants, severely burned patients, patients receiving chemotherapy or radiation treatments, patients whose immune systems have failed | examples of patients who may require protective or reverse isolation. |
| What is the purpose of autoclave indicators? | ensures that articles have been sterilized |
| Points that should be checked on an incision site or a wound while changing a dressing. | type of drainage, amount of drainage, color of drainage, degree of healing, swelling or edema |
| The use of microorganisms, or biologic agents, as weapons to infect humans, animals, or plants is called | bioterrorism. |
| Factors that are essential in a comprehensive plan against bioterrorism - | community-based surveillance for early detection, notification when a high-risk situation is detected, strict infection control measures, protecting food and water supplies, developing vaccines, researching treatment |
| Microorganisms that cause infection and disease are called | pathogens |
| Rod shaped bacteria are called | bacilli |
| Helminths are | parasitic worms |
| Only a limited number of microorganisms are considered to be ideal for | bioterrorism |
| Viruses that infect animals can mutate to | infect humans, often with lethal results |
| Airborne precautions are used for patients known or suspected to be infected with | measles, chicken pox, or tuberculosis |
| Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus is an example of | a multidrug-resistant superbug |
| A hantavirus affecting primates and rodents that mutated and spread to humans is called | monkeypox |
| The virus that causes swine flu is called | H1N1 |
| A characteristic of the "ideal" microorganism for bioterrorism is | spreads through the air, easily transmitted from person to person and causes death or severe disability |
| A vaccination is available to prevent bioterrorism through the use of | anthrax |
| Using sterile technique includes | opening a sterile tray before donning sterile gloves, reaching in from the side, touching only sterile items when sterile gloves are in place |
| Prefers a warm, moist and dark enviroment | microorganism |
| Hemorrhagic fever is an infectious disease caused by | a filovirus |
| Viruses that are caused by a filovirus | Ebola and Marburg virus |
| Common belief that these viruses are transmitted from animals such as bats | Ebola and Marburg |
| A highly contagious infectious disease that is caused by a variola virus | smallpox |
| Infectious disease caused by bacteria called Yersinia pestis | plague |
| A paralytic illness caused by a a nerve toxin produced by bacteria called Clostridium botulinum | botulism |
| Infectious disease caused by bacteria called francisella tularensis | tularemia |
| Handwashing is the most important method used to practice | aseptic technique |
| What is a perfect medium for the spread of pathogens | hands |
| What does most waterless hand cleaning products contain to provide antisepsis and a moisturizer to prevent drying of the skin. | alcohol |
| Linens contaminated with body fluids such as urine must be placed in | infectious waste or biohazardous material bags |
| To remove contaminated gloves,grasp the contaminated glove in the palm of the gloved hand, using the un- gloved hand, slip the fingers under the cuff of the glove on the oposit hand | pull the glove down and turn inside out |
| Basins and jars should be placed in an autoclave | on their sides so that steam can enter and air can flow out |
| The usual soaking time for instruments in a chemical disinfectant solution is | 20 to 30 minutes |
| What does an ultra sonic unit use to clean an item | sound waves |
| Bubbles striking items being cleaned, explode causing a process which drives the cleaning solution onto the article. It is called | cavitation |
| The permanent tank of the ultrasonic unit must contain | a solution at all times |
| While using transfer forceps to handle sterile items point the forceps | downward |
| When preparing a sterile field for a dressing change, which dressing is place first on the sterile field | the larger dressing |
| To don the first sterile glove, hold the glove by | the inside cuff |
| Protective or reverse isolation refers to methods used to protect certain patients from | organisms present in the environment |
| Contact precautions require the use of | gloves |
| When droplet precautions are in effect your must wear | a mask |
| The waist ties of an isolation gown is considered | contaminated |
| The tie bands on the mask are considered | clean |
| The inside of the gown is considered | clean |
| Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is caused by a variant of the coronavirus family that causes the | common cold |
| What virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that first infected birds but now infects humans. | West Nile virus (WNV) |
| What does the abbreviation "MRSA" mean | Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureas |
| A virus that causes the bird flu | H5N1 |
| Exists when the outbreak of disease occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a high proportion of the population. | pandemic |
| Occurs when the communicable disease spreads rapidly from person to person and affects a large number of people at the same time. | epidemic |
| A patient's sore throat is cause by a streptococcus. How would it be treated? | antibiotic medication |
| A man died from an infection caused by a rickettsiae. The infection was MOST LIKELY transmitted by: | the bite of a tick |
| Beth has a nosocomial infection. How did she get it? | spending three days in the hospital |
| Tuberculosis is caused by a tubercle bacillus, which is a/an: | bacteria |
| Albert has a yeast infection under his arm. It shouldld be treated with a/an: | antifungal cream |
| An infection that develops when the body's normal defenses are not working properly is a/an: | opportunistic infection |
| A sterile towel falls on the floor. The towel would then be considered: | contaminated |
| What could be found on the surface of a sterile instrument? | nothing |
| OSHA regulations require hospitals to give their employees with occupational exposure what vaccine free of charge? | Hepatitis B |
| A patient has an infection and is on airborne precautions. If the patient must be transported to physical therapy, what should the patient wear? | a mask |
| What would a health care worker report in a sharps injury log? | sticking himself/herself with a needle. |
| What health care professional should wear eye protection? | a dentist extracting a tooth |
| When should health care workers wear gowns and gloves? | when there is a chance of contact with blood and body fluids |
| What does OSHA require health facilities to provide for all employees who come in contact with patients? | PPE |
| A healthcare worker who observes standard precautions would dispose of infectious waste in a/an: | Biohazard container |
| When healthcare workers follow standard precautions, they are practicing medical: | asepsis |
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Health Science
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