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Westward Expansion 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why did the policies of the federal government change towards the Native Americans. | The policies changed because because the whites wanted more land. |
| The Indian policy from colonial times through the mid 19th century was to _____________. | drive Native Americans inland as whites moved westward. |
| What policy pushed the Native Americans across the Mississippi River to the Indian Territory in the 1830's? | The Removal Policy. |
| What area was known as the Indian Territory in the 1830's? | Oklahoma. |
| When the Removal Policy pushed the Native Americans across the Mississippi River, what was this called? | The Trail of Tears. |
| During the Civil War, the Native American of the West were mostly_______ ______. | left alone. |
| Why were the Native American not left alone after the Civil War? | Federal policy changed in the postwar period as a result of the transcontinental railroad, the discovery of rich mineral deposits on some reservations, and continued movement of white settlers to the West. |
| Why did some tribes go to war against the settlers and the soldiers who supported them? | The riflemen/sharpshooters decimated (killed off) the buffalo, and they were pushed onto smaller and smaller reservations. |
| These wars were known as________. | The Indian Wars. |
| What happened as a result of the Indian Wars? | Native Americans were massacred (mass killings). |
| What happened as a result of the Sand Creek Massacre of 1864? | Native American women and children were massacred. |
| What did the treaties between the U.S. government and Native American tribes do? | Grant the Native Americans reservations in their tribal lands and recognize tribal land ownership. |
| Were the treaties between the Native Americans and the U.S honored by the government? | No. |
| what happened when gold was found in the Black Hills on a reservation? | The Native Americans were forced off their land. |
| What was the name of the tribe that was forced off their land in the Black Hills? | The Lakota Sioux. |
| Who was the leader of the Lakota Sioux? | Sitting Bull. |
| What event created public support for a much larger military force that crushed Native American resistance in the area? | The Battle of Little Bighorn, or "Custer's Last Stand" in 1876 between the Native Americans and the U.S. army. |
| Why did a Native American tribe flee to Canada? | They fled to Canada instead of being moved off of their traditional lands in Oregon to Idaho to make way for white settlers. |
| What Native American tribe fled to Canada? | Nez Perce |
| Who led the Nez Perce tribe in1 1877? | Chief Joseph. |
| What happened to the Nez Perce when they fled? | They were surrounded by the U.S. Army. |
| Why did the Nez Perce surrender? | They surrendered when they were promised to be allowed to return to Oregan. |
| Was they promise for the Nez Perce to be returned to Oregan kept? | No. |
| What eventually happened to the Nez Perce? | The tribe was taken to a reservation in Oklahoma. |
| Plains Indians of the Southwest known as the _____ also attempted to resist. | Apaches |
| Who was the leader of the Apaches? | Geronimo |
| What happened to Geronimo? | He was captured and returned to a reservation. |
| What happened to other Native American tribes who tried to resist? | They were broken. |
| Some Native Americans escaped the reservation and attempted to ___________________________. | restore their old way of life. |
| What happened to the Native American who escaped the reservation to restore their old way of life? | They were surrounded by the U.S. Army at Wounded Knee, South Dakota in 1890. |
| When did the U.S. army surround the escaped Native Americans at Wounded Knee, South Dakota? | In 1890 |
| How many Native American men, women, and children were massacred (mass killing)by the U.S. army? | 300 |
| What were the Native Americans doing when they wer massacred? | They were attempting to give up their weapons. |
| Why were the Native Americans escaping? | They were resisting against the reservation policy. |
| What ended the Native American resistance to the reservation policy? | The massacre of Native Americans at Wounded Knee,South Dakota in 1890. |
| Was life on the reservation easy? | No. |
| Native Americans were forced from their tribal homelands to _____________________________. | Much less desirable lands whre their culture was not adapted. |
| How were the way of life for the Plains Indians changed after being moved to less desirable lands? | They could no longer provide enough food for their families because their traditional way of life depended on hunting buffalo. |
| Who promised to supply the Native Americans with food? | The United States Government. |
| Were the Native Americans supplied with food? | NO. |
| Why did the U.S government not supply the food? | The Burea of Indian Affairs were corrupt(dishonest). |
| _____,______, and ______ were prevalent on the reservations. | Poverty, starvation, and despondency(no hope or courage) |
| Who was concerned with about the Native Americans and the unfairness of treaties broken by the U.S. government? | The reformers of the 19th century. |
| What did the reformers believe? | They believed that if Native Americans would give up their tribal traditions and adopt the ways of the white man they would prosper. |
| What is the Dawes Severalty Act, 1877? | A federal policy that took the tribal lands of the reservation and divided itup into farms for individual Native American families. |
| Did the whites and Native Americans agee on land ownership? | No. |
| How did how the whites and Native Americans view of land ownership differ? | Whites believed the land belonged to individuals, but the Native Americans believed it belong to the whole group. |
| What eventually happened to the farms owned by the Native Americans? | The farms failed, and the land was lost to the white man. |
| Reformers believed that Native American children should_________________________. | learn the ways of the white man. |
| What happened to the Native American children? | They were taken away from their families and sent to boarding schools farway(ex. The Carlisle School in Pennsylvania). |
| What were the Native American children taught at the boarding schools? | They were taught to behave like white children and how to speak English. |
| Were the traditions and values of the Native American culture honored in the late 19th century and first half of the 20th century? | No. |
| What has happened as a result of the civil rights movement among Native Americans in the late 1960's | Their culture is being preserved and their rights honored. |
| Life on many reservations is still ______, and many Native Americans live in ___________. | difficult, poverty |
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