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CH10 - Circulation

#10 Circulation

QuestionAnswer
cardiovascular system the body SYSTEM that consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood; also called the circulatory system
heart a HOLLOW, MUSCULAR organ that PUMPS blood throughout the body
atrium the UPPER chambers of the heart that RECEIVES blood
ventricle the LOWER chambers of the heart that PUMPS blood out of the heart
valve a flap of tissue in the heart or a vein that prevents blood from flowing BACKWARD
pacemaker a group of CELLS located in the right atrium that sends out signals that make the heart muscle contract and that REGULATES HEARTBEAT RATE
artery a blood vessel that carries blood AWAY from the heart
capillary a TINY blood vessel where substances are EXCHANGED between the blood and body cells
vein a blood vessel that carries blood BACK to the heart
aorta the LARGEST artery in the body
coronary artery the artery that supplies blood to the heart
pulse the alternating expansion and relaxation of an artery wall as blood travels through an artery
diffusion the process of molecules moving from an area of HIGH concentration to an area of LOW concentration
blood pressure the pressure that is exerted by the blood against the walls of blood vessels
plasma the LIQUID part of blood
red blood cell a cell in the blood that takes up OXYGEN in the lungs and delivers it to cells elsewhere in the body
hemoglobin an iron-containing protein that binds chemically to OXYGEN molecules; makes up most of red blood cells
white blood cell a blood cell that FIGHTS disease
platelet a cell fragment that plays an important part in forming BLOOD CLOTS
atherosclerosis a condition in which an artery wall THICKENS as a result of the buildup of fatty materials
heart attack a condition in which blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked, causing heart cells to die
hypertension a disorder in which a person's blood pressure is consistently higher than normal; also called HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
What are the functions of the cardiovascular system? carries needed materials such as oxygen and nutrients, removes waste products such as carbon dioxide, and contains cells that fight disease
What is the structure of the heart? made up of 4 chambers; atria (upper) receive blood and ventricles (lower) pump blood; left and right side separated by the septum
What is the function of the heart? to pump blood throughout the body
What path does the blood take through the cardiovascular system? oxygen poor blood enters right side of heart and is then pumped to the lungs; oxygen rich blood enters left side of heart and is pumped throughout the body
What are the structures of arteries? made up of 3 layers; inner layer of epithelial cell helps blood flow freely, thick middle layer of smooth muscle regulates blood flow, and the outer layer of connective tissue that allows arteries to be flexible
What are the functions of arteries? carries blood away from the heart
What are the structures of capillaries? capillaries are only one epithelial cell thick
What are the functions of capillaries? where materials such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients are exchanged between the blood and body cells
What are the structures of veins? same as arteries, but with a thinner middle layer of smooth muscle
What are the functions of veins? carries blood back to the heart
What causes blood pressure? blood pressure is caused by the force with which the ventricles contract
What are the components of blood? red blood cells (carry oxygen), white blood cells (fights disease), platelets (helps form blood clots), and plasma (liquid part of blood that carries
What determines the type of blood a person can receive in a transfusion? the marker molecules on your red blood cells
What are some diseases of the cardiovascular system? atherosclerosis and hypertension
What behaviors can help maintain cardiovascular health? exercise regularly, eat a balanced diet low in saturated and trans fats, cholesterol, and sodium, and avoid smoking
Created by: nicholas_tisci
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