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Health Assess Ch9
General Survey, Measurement, Vital Signs
Question | Answer |
---|---|
General Survey | A study of the whole person, general health state and obvious characteristics |
Fours Areas of General Survey | Physical Appearance, Body Structure, Mobility, and Behavior |
Physical Appearance | Age, Sex, Level of consciousness, Skin color and Facial features |
Age | The person appears his or her stated age |
Sex | Sexual development is appropritate for gender and age |
Level of Consciousness | The person is alert and oriented, attends to your questions and responds appropriately |
Skin Color | Color tone is even, pigmentation varies, skin is intact with no obvious lesions |
Facial Features | Symmetric with movement |
Body Structure | Stature, Nutrition, Symmetry, Posture, Position, and Body build/contour |
Stature | Height appears within normal range for age, genetic heritage |
Nutrition | Weight appears within normal range for height and body build; body fat distribute evenly |
Symmetry | Body parts look equal bilaterally and are in relative proportion to each other |
Posture | Person stands comfortably erect as appropriate for age |
Position | Person sits comfortably in a chair or on bed, arms relaxed at sides, head turned to examiner |
Body Build/ Contour | Arm span equals height; Body length from crown to pubis roughly equal length pubis to sole |
Mobility | Gait and Range of motion |
Gait | Base is as wide as the shoulder width, foot placement, smooth balanced walk, arm swing |
Range of Motion | Full mobility for each joint, movement is deliberate, accurate, smooth & coordinated |
Behavior | Facial expression, mood and affect, speech, dress, and personal hygiene |
Facial Expression | Maintain eye contact, expressions appropriate for situation |
Mood and Affect | Person is comfortable and cooperative with examiner and interacts pleasantly |
Speech | Articulation is clear and understandable |
Dress | Clothing is approprate to climate, clean, fits, appropriate for culture and age group |
Personal Hygiene | Appears clean and grommed appropriately for age, occupation, and socioeconomic group |
To measure weight | Use a scale; Remove person's shoe and heavy outer clothing |
When a sequence of repeated weights is necessary | Aim for approx. the same time of day and same type of clothing worn each time |
Record weight in ... and it is important for ...? | In kilograms and Pounds.... Medicine |
Formula for kilograms to Pounds | Kilograms x 2.2 = Pounds |
To measure height | Person should be shoeless, standing straight, and looking straight ahead |
Body Mass Index | Practical marker of optimal weight for height; Indicator for obesity or malnutrition |
Waist-to-Hip Ratio | Assesses body fat distribution as an indicator of health risk |
To measure waist to hip ratio | Waist circumference/ Hip circumference |
Temperature | Quick indicator that something is wrong; Stable core temp of mean 37.2C (99F) |
Normal oral temperature in a resting person | 37C (98.6F) |
Normal range of temperature | 35.8C to 37.3C (96.4F to 99.1F) |
Rectal temperature | Measures 0.4C to .5C (.7F to 1F) higher |
Normal temperature is influenced by | Age, Exercise, Menstruation cycle, and Diurnal cycle of 1 to 1.5F |
When does the temperature trough and peaks? | Temp. trough in early morning hours; Peaks in late afternoon and early evening |
Types of thermometer | Oral, Axillary, Rectal, and Tympanic Membrane Thermometer (TMT) |
How long do you wait after a person has just drunken something or smoked? | Wait 15 mins if taken hot or cold liquid; 2 mins for smoking |
What to do when taking rectal temperature? | Wear gloves and insert only 2 to 3 cm (1 inch) |
What color are the probe cover of an oral and rectal thermometer? | Oral- Blue and Rectal- Red |