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Body Structure
Term | Disease/Disorder Term |
---|---|
cell | basic unit of all living things. |
cell membrane | forms the boundary of the cell |
cytoplasm | gel-like fluid inside the cell |
nucleus | largest structure within the cell, usually spherical and centrally located. It contains chromosomes and is the control center of the cell |
chromosomes | located in the necleus of the cell. There are 46 in all human cells, with the exception of the mature sex cell, which has 23 |
genes | regions within the chromosome. Each chromosome has several thousand genes that determine hereditary characteristics. |
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) | each gene is composed of DNA, a chemical that regulates the activities of the cell |
tissue | group of similar cells that performs a specific task |
muscle tissue | composed of cells that have a special ability to contract, usually producing movement |
nervous tissue | found in the nerves, spinal cord, and brain. It is responsible for coordinating and controlling body activities |
connective tissue | connects, supports, penetrates, and encases various body structures. Adipose (fat) and osseous (bone) tissues are types of connective tissue |
epithelial tissue | the major covering of the external surface of the body, forms membranes that line body cavities and organs, and is the major tissue in glands |
organ | two or more kinds of tissues that together perform special body functions. (the skin is an organ composed of epithelial, connective, muscle, and nerve tissue) |
system | group of organs that work together to perform complex body functions. (the nervous system is made up of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves; its function is to coordinate and control other body parts |
cranial cavity | space inside the skull (cranium), containing the brain - |
spinal cavity | space inside the spinal column, containing the spinal cord |
thoracic (chest cavity) | space containing the heart, aorta, lungs, esophagus, trachea, and bronchi |
abdominal cavity | space containing the stomach, intestines, kidneys, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, and ureters |
pelvic cavity | space containing the urinary bladder, certain reproductive organs, part of the large intestine, and the rectum |
abdominopelvic cavity | both the pelvic and abdominal cavities |
aden/o | gland |
cyt/o | cell |
epitheli/o | epithelium |
fibr/o | fiber |
hist/o | tissue |
kary/o | necleus |
lip/o | fat |
my/o | muscle |
neur/o | nerve |
organ/o | organ |
sarc/o | flesh, connective tissue |
system/o | system |
viscer/o | internal organs |
cancer/o, carcin/o | cancer (a disease characterized by the unregulated, abnormal growth of new cells) |
eti/o | cause (of disease) |
gno/o | knowledge |
iatr/o | physician, medicine (also means treatment) |
lei/o | smooth |
onc/o | tumor, mass |
path/o | disease |
rhabd/o | rod-shaped, striated |
somat/o | body |
chlor/o | green |
chrom/o | color |
cyan/o | blue |
erythr/o | red |
leuk/o | white |
melan/o | black |
xanth/o | yellow |
dia- | through, complete |
dys- | difficult, labored, painful, abnormal |
hyper- | above, excessive |
hypo- | below, incomplete, deficient |
meta- | after, beyond, change |
neo- | new |
pro- | before |
-al, -ic, -ous | pertaining to |
-cyte | cell |
-gen | substance or agent that produces or causes |
-genesis | origin, cause |
-logist | one who studies and treats (specialist, physician) |
-logy | study of |
-oid | resembling |
-oma | tumor, swelling |
-osis | abnormal condition (means increase when used with blood cell word roots) |
-pathy | disease |
-plasia | condition of formation, development, growth |
-plasm | a growth, a substance, a formation |
-sarcoma | malignant tumor |
-sis | state of |
-stasis | control, stop, standing |
pooster | pooster |