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Carbs part 2
Carbohydrates part 2
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Genetic Defects in Metabolism | 1. Glycogen Storage Disease 2. Galactosemia -syndrome in infants where they fail to thrive |
Methods of Measurement | 1. Reducing Methods-glucose is a reducing sugar and will reduct agents to form and end product 2. Enzymatic-measurement of hydrogen peroxide can be measured by slide reaction |
Trinder Reaction | Coupled reaction Dye colored is proportional to glucose |
Hexokinase | uses G6P to convert NADP to NADPH is proportional to amount of glucose |
What is most used Glucose oxidase or Glucose Hexokinase? | Glucose oxidase |
Fasting Glucose | Normal range- 70-99 mg/dL Impaired range- 100-125 mg/dL Diabetes- 126 mg/dL or higher |
Self Monitoring Glucose | Type 1- 3-4 times a day Type 2- 1-2 times a day |
2 Hour Post Prandial Test | 75g glucose solution is given 2 hours later glucose level is drawn if >200mg/dL additional testing is preformed |
Glycemic Control | Doctors can check how patients have been dieting for at least 3 months |
Ketone Methods | 1.Colormetric (Gerhardts and Sodium niroprusside 2.Enzymatic (Beta-hydroxybutryrate dehydrogenase) |
Microalbumin | elevated glucose causes diabetic renal nephropathy early signs are proteins in urine normal 20-300mg/day |
Diagnosis of Abnormalities | 1. Islet Autoantibody Testing 2. Insulin Testing |
C-Peptide | Proinsulin- secreted by b-cells precursor to insulin |
C-Peptide | Corrects insulin structure High insulin=High C-Pep |
Endogenous C-Peptide | Inside Body High Insulin High C-Peptide |
Exogenous C-Peptide | Injected in the body High Insulin C-Peptide doesn't increase C-Peptide not contained in Exogenous insulin |