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Community Test 1
Community nursing
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Purpose of Healthy People 2010 | Promoting health and preventing illness, disability, and premature death. Prevent illness of elderly and decrease infant mortality and low birth weight. |
| When did Healthy People come out? | It came out in 1979 from the Surgeon General. In 1980, the nation set goals for the next 10 years. |
| What are the 2 major goals of Healthy People 2010 | 1) increase quality and years of healthy life. 2) Eliminate health disparities that occur in gender, race, or ethnicity, education, income, disability, living in rural areas, or sexual orientation. |
| Healthy People, Health Indicators | Physical Activity, Overwt and obesity, tobacco use, substance use, responsible sexual behavior, mental health, injury and violence, environmental quality, immunization, access to health care. |
| Primary prevention is | prevention of initial occurrence of disease or injury |
| Primary prevention activities include: | Immunization, family planning, well child care, smoking cessation, hygiene teaching, fitness classes, alcohol/drug prevention, seat belts/car seats. |
| Secondary prevention is: | early identification of disease or disability with prompt intervention to prevent or limit disability |
| Secondary prevention activities include: | physical assessments, HTN screening, developmental screening, breast/testicular self-examination, hearing/vision screening, mammography, pregnancy testing |
| Tertiary prevention is: | assistance (after disease or disability has occurred) to halt further disease progress and to meet one's potential and maximize quality of life despite illness |
| Tertiary prevention activities include: | Teaching/counseling regarding lifestyle changes (Diet/exercise), stress management and home management, support groups, support for caretaker, meals on wheels, physical therapy, mental health counseling |
| Children's Bureau (foster care), US Public health services, and Red Cross Town & country (American Red Cross) occured in what year? | 1912 |
| Division of Nursing occurred in what year? | 1944 |
| Funds for hospital construction called Hospital Survey & Construction Act (Hill-Burton) occured in what year? | 1946 |
| Medicare instituted to fund care for elderly in... | 1966 |
| Medicaid instituted to fund care for the indigent in.. | 1967 |
| Healthy people was first developed in... | 1980 |
| What did Lillian Wald start? | founder of public health and school nursing. |
| Henry Street Settlement House was started in what year and by who? | 1893, Lillian Wald |
| Occupational Health Nursing was established... | in PA in 1888 |
| Margaret Sanger spent time in jail for what? | conducting a birth control clinic in Brooklyn (1913) |
| Functions of CBN are? | Assessment, Teaching, Managing/Delagating |
| Assessment in CBN focuses on what? | Self-care. |
| Teaching in CBN consist of? | Goals are assisting client/family to achieve self-care; Assess and ID needs or problems; evaluate if teaching was understood |
| Teach is only reimbursable if.. | it is properly documented |
| Teach is NOT reimbursed if.. | not documented; not working within reasonable time. (adapt, use new methods); CNAs and LPNs CANNOT teach. OT/PT can |
| Public Health Systems are funded by? | Federal, State, or Local Tax money |
| DHHS is most involved with? | the health and welfare of US citizens |
| The mission of DHHS is: | promote the protection and advancement of the Nation's physical and mental health. |
| DHHS accomplishes it's mission though: | medical research, track/ID disease, alcohol/substance abuse programs, ID/Correct health hazards, FDA |
| Medicare is health insurance for? | people over 65, people with disabilities, end-stage renal dx patients. Federally funded |
| Medicaid is health insurance for? | low income people or fit within an eligibility |
| How is medicaid funded? | is it federally funded but ran by the state |
| Department of Social Services assists with? | public assistance, housing of delinquent children, inspection of maternity clinics, inspection/operation of jails |
| How is DSS funded? | federally funded, state mandated |
| What is the primary focus of Health Services? | Tracks infectious disease, mainly TB |
| What is Health Services | Epidemiology in the Public Health division (DHHS) that collects data and collaborates with other providers to decrease infectious diseases |
| Rural health clinics are part of? | state ran health services |
| Local health services are provided by... | the Health department |
| What services does the Health Dept provide? | disease prevention, health promotion, education. |
| Private health care systems are funded by: | private sources, donations, grants |
| There are 2 types of private health care, what are they? | profit and nonprofit |
| Non profit are tax exempt. Examples are: | United Way, Salvation Army, WISH, American Heart Association |
| Profit HCS receive payment for services. Examples are: | Home Health Agencies; Assisted Living; Urgent Care; MD offices |
| Managed care is | an organized system of health care that plans and monitors the use of HCS |
| What are the focuses of managed care? | efficiency and cost control |
| Case management is also called? | Care coordination |
| What is case management? | a process for delivering healthcare to a client or group, including: assessment, developing of a plan of care, initiation & coordination of referrals & services, & evaluation of care |
| What are the goals of case management? | improve quality of care, decrease cost (empowering clients/families), improve satisfaction by promoting multidisciplinary collaborative practice |
| Steps of Case Management: steps 1-4 | 1) involve clients/family in assessing lvl of fx 2) ID resources/services necessary for max quality of life 3)Involve client/family in ID, explore, accessing resources 4) Have client/family ID most appropriate referral for their needs. |
| Steps of Case Management: steps 5-7 | 5)Make referrals and supply services with needed info. 6) act as advocate/troubleshooter as necessary 7) Evaluate progress toward health outcomes, revise plan if needed. |
| What is delegation? | transferring to a competent individual the authority to perform a selected nursing task. RN retains accountability for delegation |
| What CANNOT be delegated? | assessment, evaluation, nursing judgment |
| NA I tasks consist of: | Personal care, body mechanics, nutrition, elimination, safety, VS, Ht/Wt, hot/cold application, skin preps/scrubs, clean dressing change, TEDs, EKG leads, postmortem care |
| NA II task consist of NA I task and.. | O2 therapy, break-up/removal fecal impaction, IV Fluid assistive, nutrition activities, suctioning, trach care, elimination procedures, urinary cath, |
| Third party reimbursement: | refers to fiscal payments by a middleman such as: insurance co., medicare/medicaid. The individual usually pays a premium for coverage and insurer pays health care bills on his behalf |
| Medicaid is: | income related started in 1965, provides coverage for eligible indigent, blind, uninsured children, disabled, pregnant. |
| Medicare is: | natl insurance started in '65 for persons over 65 yr old, disabled, or patient with end stage renal dx. Provides post hospital rehab, home health care, and hospice care |
| Medigap | private insurance to supplement original medicare plan. Fills in the gaps. |
| Managed care: | a health care delivery system developed to provide quality health care with cost control |
| HMO (Health maintenance organization) is managed care that: | contracts to provide health care for enrollees. HMO agrees to provide a set of services for a set fee (capitated fee). The provide care to clients with no or minimal deductibles and copays. Referrals are needed to see a specialist |
| PPO (Preferred Provider Organization) are: | business arrangements/contracts between a panel of health care providers and purchasers of health care services. |
| Gatekeeper is: | the primary care physician within magaged care plan. Usually family practitioner, pediatrician, gynecologist. Gatekeeper coordinates all care and determines when to refer to specialist. |
| Workman's Comp | began in early 1900s as social insurance operated by each state. Cover workers against costs of medical care and loss wages from work related injury or illness |
| Capitation is described as: | a negotiated, prepaid fixed fee for each covered individual or family in a managed care plan |
| Coinsurance is a.. | predetermined amount or percentage of the cost of covered services that a beneficiary will pay. The coinsurance may be an agreed on percentage of the total cost of care (20-30%) |
| DRG (diagnosis related group)represents | a classification system that groups patients into categories based on the coding system. |
| TANF (Temp Assistance for Needy families) is funded from: | a cash black grant from the fed govt. |
| TANF is designed to | decrease number of people dependent on fed assistance. There is a 5 yr time cap on this assistance. |
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