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MACC Urinalysis dip
MACC Dipstick testing for urines
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the Reagent Strip Reaction? pH | double-indicator system methyl red and bromthymol blue |
| What is the Reagent Strip Reaction? Protein | This test is based on the protein-error-of-indicators principle. At a constant pH, the development of color is due to the presence of protein. |
| What is the Reagent Strip Reaction? Glucose | double sequential enzyme reaction. Glucose oxidase |
| What is the Reagent Strip Reaction? Blood | peroxidase-like activity of hemoglobin |
| What is the Reagent Strip Reaction? Bilirubin | Diazo Reaction |
| What is the Reagent Strip Reaction? Ketone | Sodium nitroprusside Measures Acetoacetate and Acetone |
| What is the Reagent Strip Reaction? Specific Gravity | pKa changes - only measures particles with ionic charge |
| What is the Reagent Strip Reaction? Urobilinogen | modified Ehrlich reaction or Azocoupling reaction |
| What is the Reagent Strip Reaction? Leukocytes | detects Esterases from Granulocytic cells (Neutrophils) |
| What is the Reagent Strip Reaction? Nitrates | Tests for Nitrites in urine due to gram negative bacteria |
| What is the Clinical Significance of pH? | systemic acid-base disorders, infections are alkaline, help ID crystals |
| What is the Clinical Significance of PROTEIN? | Presence means that additional testing should be performed for renal disease |
| What is the Clinical Significance of GLUCOSE? | Diabetes is the most common |
| What is the Clinical Significance of KETONES? | fat is being metabolized, diabetes, vomiting, starvation, malabsorption |
| What is the Clinical Significance of BLOOD? | HEMATURIA - Bleeding Myoglobulin |
| What is the Clinical Significance of BILIRUBIN? | Liver dysfunction |
| What is the Clinical Significance of UROBILINOGEN? | Liver disease, hemolytic disorders |
| What is the Clinical Significance of NITRATE? | Presence of bacteria |
| What is the Clinical Significance of LEUKOCYTE ESTERASE? | Increased urinary white blood cells |
| Principle of Test? SPECIFIC GRAVITY REFRACTOMETER | Refractive Index Light is passed through a prism in comparison to water |
| Clinical Significance? SPECIFIC GRAVITY | testing the kidney's ability to concentrate urine |
| How will X-ray dye affect an Urinalysis? | Will cause the specific gravity to be over 1.035 |
| What will cause Interference in testing for PROTEIN? | Positive - buffered alkaline urine Negative - dilute urine, skin cleaners, blood |
| What is SSA testing used for? | Backup testing for Protein |
| What is MicroAlbuminuria testing for? | Immunochemical test for very small amounts of albumin in urine |
| What causes Interference for GLUCOSE? | positive - strong oxidizing agents such as bleach negative - Ascorbic Acid (ascorbate), old urine |
| What is the Clinitest used for? | To detect reducing substances (sugars) such as Galactose and glucose |
| What is "pass-through" during a Clinitest | Result is greater than the linearity of the test |
| Why is it hard to perform a dipstick UA on a patient that is taking a large amount of Vitamin C | Vitamin C is ascorbic acid which interferes with many of the tests, esp glucose and urobilinogen |
| Interference? KETONES | positive - colored urines negative - Improper storage |
| Interference? BLOOD | positive - menstruation negative -not mixed well, ascorbic acid, formalin, protein |
| Interference? BILIRUBIN | posiitive - color, many chemicals negative - ascorbic acid, improper storage |
| What is the Ictotest used for? | Backup testing for Dipstick Bilirubin |
| Interference? UROBILINOGEN | positive - urine color, some drugs negative - improper storage, formalin |
| Interference? NITRATE | Positive - old sample Negative - bacteria not produce nitrates, Ascorbic acid storage in bladder short |
| A urine is transparent and has not particulates present. It is ? | Clear |
| A urine has a few particulates, but newsprint can be easily read thru it. It is? | Hazy |
| A urine has many particulates and newsprint can be seen thru it, but cannot be read. It is? | Cloudy |
| A urine has so many particulates that newprint cannot be seen thru it. It is? | Turbid |
| If a urine is pink or red. It can contain? | RBCs, hemoglobin, myoglobin or the metabolites of beets |
| If a urine is deep orange, there is a good chance the patient is taking? | Pyridium (Phenazopyridine) |
| If the urine is Amber or deep yellow with a yellow foam, it can contain? | Bilirubin |
| What urine collection is best for a Urinalysis | Clean Catch Urine |
| A urinalysis cannot be performed for 12 hours. What is the best way to preserve this urine? | Refrigeration |
| What Chemistry test can be used to determine if a sample is urine? | Creatinine |
| What Protein does the dipstick detect? | Albumin |
| What ketones do the dipstick detect? | Acetone and Acetoacetate |
| Why is the detection of Ascorbic Acid so important in urinalysis? | Ascorbic acid causes interferences in multiple tests |
Created by:
mstanley
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