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Pharm Ch 2 - HCCRT
Pharm Ch 2 - Drug Action - HCCRT
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Clearance | How quickly the body eliminates the drug |
| Routes of Drug Administration | -Enternal(GI absorption, systemic effect)-Parenteral (IV, IM, ID, subcutaneous)-Inhalation (local absorption, local effect)-Transdermal (skin absorption, systemic effect)-Topical (local absorption, local effect)Intrathecal " " |
| Parenteral | includes a depot which is a place of storage or fat depot |
| Drug Formulations | -Tablet, capsule, elixir (enteral)-Solution, suspension, (parenteral)-Gas, aerosol (inhalation)-Patch, Paste (transdermal)-Powder, lotion, ointment (topical) |
| Suspension | Something you must shake or mix first |
| Aerosol | Suspension of a liquid or powder in a gas or powder that is inhaled |
| Transdermal | Penetrate to the bone |
| Devices used to administer drugs by inhalation | -Vaporizer-Atomizer-Nebulizer-Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI)-Dry Powder inhaler (DPI)-Ultasonic Nebulizer (USN) |
| Nebulizer | Converts liquid into small particles to be inhaled |
| Atomizer | Same as nebulized but allows large particles to pass |
| Ultrasonic nebulizer | Electronic device vibrates small particles. |
| Pharmacokinetic Phase | Describes the time course and disposition of the drug in the body based on these four things: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination |
| Absorption | The process of the drug's passage into the body ex. Topical ointment |
| Distribution | The process of the transport of the drug to the site of the need ex. Pain medicine is distributed through the blood |
| Metabolism | The biochemical interaction the drug has with the host organism |
| Elimination | The removal of the drug and/or its metabolites from the body |
| Pharmacodynamic Phase | Describes the mechanisms of drug action by which a drug molecule causes its effect in the body |
| Structure-Activity Relation | Compare Isoproterenol and Albuterol -Isoproterenol increases HR -Albuterol minimally effects HR |
| Drug Receptors | Have unique chemical shape and electrical charge |
| Dose-Response Relation | Dose and response are directly proportional up to the drug's maximal effect |
| Maximal Effect | The maximum effect a drug can produce regardless of dose |
| Potency | The dose producing 50% of the drug's maximal effect (ED50) |
| Therapeutic Index (TI) | The ratio of the LD50 to the ED50; LD50:ED50 |
| LD50 | The dose of a drug that will be lethal for 50% of a test population |
| ED50 | The dose of a drug that will be effective for 50% of a test population |
| Drug Interaction | -Antagonism -Synergism -Additivity -Potentiation |
| Antagonism | A drug or chemical that is able to bind to a receptor but causes no response (blocks receptor sites); ex. Pain blockers |
| Synergism | Occurs when two drugs act on a target organ by different mechanisms of action, and the effect of the drug pair is greater than the sum of the separate effects of the drugs |
| Additivity | Occurs when two drugs act on the same receptors and the combined effect is the sum of the two drugs effects, up to a maximal effect |
| Potentiation | One drug has no effect but helps another drug increase the activity of the other drug; like a catalyst |
| Drug Responsiveness | -Adverse -Idiosyncratic effect -Hypersensitivity -Tolerance -Tachyphylaxis -Pharmacogenetic responses |
| Adverse Effect | BAD |
| Idiosyncratic effect | Unusual or opposite effect, or an absence of effect |
| Hypersensitivity | Allergic response or immune related reaction to a drug |
| Tolerance | Describes the decreasing intensity of response to a drug over time |
| Tachyphylaxis | Describes a rapid decrease in a responsiveness to a drug |
| Pharmacogenetic responses | The hereditary differences in the way the body handles certain drugs |
Created by:
sweetpea15kp
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