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Reformation2

The Reformation in France and the Netherlands, 30 Years War

QuestionAnswer
A series of conflicts between the Italian city-states, France, the Holy Roman Empire, and other European powers stemming from Charles VIII's invasion of Italy. Hapsburg-Valois Wars
King who signed the Concordat of Bologna with Pope Leo X in order to help fund France's war effort in the Habsurb-Valois Wars. Francis I
Royal commissioners appointed by the King and devised by Richelieu to strengthen monarchical authority. Nobility of the Robe
An agreement between Francis I and Pope Leo X which gave the papacy greater authority over the Gallican Church and the French King the authority to tithe clerics. Concordat of Bologna
The wife of Henry II and supposed organizer of the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre. Catherine de'Medici
Targeted assassinations of Huguenout leaders beginning with Gaspard de Coligny and culminating in Catholic-led mob violence. St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
The son of Catherine de'Medici he was assassinated and his place on the throne was taken by Henry of Navarre. Henry III
The husband of Margaret of Valois who famously converted to Catholicism in order to ascend to the French throne, claiming "Paris is worth a mass." Henry IV (or Henry of Navarre)
A leader of the Catholic faction during the French Wars of Religion, killed Gaspard de Coligny. Henry of Guise
An organization formed by Henry of Guise, dedicated to eradicating Protestantism in France. Catholic League (or Holy League)
The last of the French Wars of Religion, thought between a nonzero number of dudes with the same name over the throne of France. War of the Three Henrys
Moderate Protestants and Catholics who thought the best way to end France's religious strife was a strong monarchy Politiques
A proclamation created by Henry IV which granted Huguenots in 150 fortified towns the freedom of religion. Edict of Nantes
King of Spain and Holy Roman Emperor who helped call the Council of Trent and created the Peace of Augsburg. Charles V
The brother of Charles V who took over following his abdication. Ferdinand I
The son of Charles V who unified the Iberian peninsula and attempted to crush the rebellions of Dutch Calvinists. Philip II
The daughter of Charles V she was appointed governor of the Netherlands but eventually resigned her post as the Netherlands revolted against Philip II. Margaret of Parma
Two offices dispatched by Philip II to the Netherlands that stirred up Protestant ire with their butchery towards Calvinists. Spanish Inquisition and the Council of Blood
Destruction of religious icons Iconoclasm
A general sent by Philip II to quell rebellion in the Low Countries. Responsible for establishing the Council of Blood. Duke of Alva
Another commander of Spanish forces in the Low Countries who was supposed to supply troops to invade England. Duke of Parma
A treaty unifying the northern provinces of Netherlands following the successful rebellion against Spain. Union of Utrecht
The commander who led Dutch forces during the 80 Years War that established the independence of the Netherlands from Spain. William the Silent
A league formed by Lutheran princes who feared that Catholics would undo Protestant gains made by the Peace of Augsburg Protestant Union
The group formed in response to the Protestant Union. Catholic Union
Created by: betsynewmark
 

 



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