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Reformation1

The Reformation

Question	Answer
The crime of paying for sacraments and holy offices	Simony
Practi9ce of giving jobs to relatives without regard to merit	Nepotism
The practice of religious officials holding more than one office	Pluralism
Foll or partial remission of temporal punishment for sins which have already been forgiven granted by the church	Indulgences
Group founded in Holland to devote themselves both to education based on classical learning and to inculcating among themselves a deep spiritual relationship with Christ and a love of their fellow human beings	Brethren of the Common Life
Follower of the Brethren of the Common Life who wrote "The Imitation of Christ."	Thomas à Kempis
Pope when the Reformation began who excommunicated Martin Luther	Pope Leo X
Dominican preacher who was sent into Germany to sell indulgences to raise money to fund the building of St. Peter's Basilica	Johann Tetzel
Luther's challenge to other scholars to debate the issue of indulgences that he posted on the door of the castle church in Wittenberg	The Ninety-five Theses
Holy Roman Emperor who ordered Luther to appear at the Diet of the Holy ROman Empire and who declared Luther an outlaw	Charles V
Ruler of Saxony who provided Luther with refuge at his Wartburg castle	Elector Frederick the Wise
Meeting before which Luther was called to demand that he recant in 1521	Diet of Worms
Only two sacraments which Luther recognized that had been established by Jesus Christ	Baptism and HOly Communion
Revolt against the land owners in 1524-1525 which sought to abolish serfdom and the manorial system	Peasant revolts
Luther's response to the Peasant revolts	Against the Murderous, Thieving Hordes of the Peasants
The three main tenets of Lutheranism	Sola scriptura, Sola fide, Sola gratia
Religious and military alliance directed against the Catholic Habsburgs	Schmalkaldic League
Longest-reigning Sultan of the Ottoman Empire who presided over the apex of the Ottoman Empire's military, political, and economic power; his ambitions were checked at the Siege of Vienna	Suleiman the Magnificent
Statement of Luther's faith that Luther presented before Charles V at the Diet of Augsburg	Confession of Augsburg
Colleague of Martin Luther's who wrote the Confession of Augsburg	Philipp Melanchthon
After the war of the Schmalkaldic League, this compromise agreement established the principle by which Germany would be governed until the Peace of Westphalia; only recognized Roman Catholicism or Lutheranism	Peace of Augsburg
Principle that the ruler's religion would be the religion of the region; established by the Peace of Augsburg	cuius regio, eius religio
Early leader of the Swiss Reformation in Zurich; in contrast to Luther, he believed that baptism and holy communion were ceremonies rather than true sacraments; killed by Catholic forces	Ulrich Zwingli
Leader of the Reformation in Geneva who stressed doctrine of salvation by election; he practiced a strict theocracy with religious leaders dominating the city's government	John Calvin
Calvin's most famous work that set forth his religious doctrine	The Institutes of Christian Religion
The French Calvinists	Huguenots
Disciple of Calvin who brought faith to Scotland	John Knox
Scottish Calvinists	Presbyterians
King who took England out of the Catholic church and founded the Anglican church	Henry VIII
Followers of John Wycliffe	Lollards
Englishman who was a leading figure of the Protestant Reformation; first to translate parts of the Bible into English; burned at the stake	William Tyndale
Wife whom Henry VIII sought to divorce	Catherine of Aragon
Woman whom Henry VIII wanted to marry and for whom he left the Catholic church	Anne Boleyn
Cardinal who was Henry's lord chancellor who was unsuccessful in gaining a divorce for Henry VIII and so was dismissed	Thomas Wolsey
New archbishop of Canterbury who granted Henry an annulment; wrote the Book of Common Prayer	Thomas Cranmer
Law which declared the king, rather than the pope, to be the head of the English church	Act of Supremacy
Parliament approved these to define the doctrine of the English Church; reaffirmed Catholic teaching and rejected Protestant beliefs	The Six Articles
Former lord chancellor who refused to swear to support the Act of Supremacy	Thomas More
Revolt that broke out in conservative northern England, but easily suppressed by the king	Pilgrimage of Grace
Son of Henry Viii under whose reign the Six Articles were repealed and replaced with the Forty-two Articles of which reflected increasing Calvinist ideas	Edward VI
Daughter of Henry VIII who attempted to restore Roman Catholicism in England; persecuted England's protestants	Mary I, Mary Tudor
Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn who was the last Tudor to rule England; sought a religious settlement to satisfy the majority of her people	Elizabeth I
Under Elizabeth, Parliament defined the teachings of Anglican Church; it was mostly Protestant but governed by bishops; emphasized both compromise and ambiguity in attempting to unite as many as possible; the church would be governed by bishops	Thirty-nine Articles
English radical Protestants who opposed the Elizabethan Settlement because it wasn't sufficiently Protestant	Puritans
Catholic cousin of Elizabeth about whom opposition to Elizabeth centered; she fled to England and was a prisoner for almost 20 years before being executed for conspiring against the queen	Mary Queen of Scots
Attack by Philip II of Spain to attempt to overthrow Elizabeth and bring England back to Roman Catholicism	Spanish Armada
Radical protestants who insisted that the only real Christians were those who had undergone a conversion experience and had then been baptized; most wanted the church to be entirely separate from the state	Anabaptists
German Anabaptist who preached the overthrow of the existing political and social order; executed in 1525 after the German Peasants' Revolt	Thomas Münzer
City where radical Anabaptists tried to establish a theocratic government that endorsed communal property and polygamy; recaptured by its Catholic bishop and the leaders were executed	Münster
More moderate Anabaptist from the Netherlands who preached simplicity in religion and life; the Amish are an offshoot of his followers	Menno Simons
Term used to refer specifically to reform the Catholic Church	Catholic Reformation
Term used to refer to efforts by the Catholic Church to counter the spread of Protestants	Counter-Reformation
Congregation of the Holy Office that used torture, secret witnesses, and the admission of hearsay and rumor to convict suspected heretics	Roman Inquisition
Established to discourage the dissemination of heretical views	Index of Prohibited Books
Assembly of Catholic religious leaders to define Roman Catholic doctrine and eliminate abuses in the church	Council of Trent
New religious order established under the personal authority of the pope, to combat the spread of Protestantism as well as educating the young and spread to new areas to convert heathens	Society of Jesus or the Jesuits
Founder of the Jesuits	St. Ignatius Loyola
Most famous missionary of the Jesuits who traveled to Japan and India	St. Francis Xavier
Order of nuns established in 1535 that was dedicated themselves to the education of girls	The Ursulines
A Spanish mystic who organized a convent of Discaced Carmelites, cloistered nuns who lived in poverty and simplicity devoting their lives to prayer and contemplation	St. Theresa of Avila

Created by: betsynewmark

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