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patho 2 arrhythmias
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cardiac arrhythmias result from disturbances of? | heart rate, which result from disorders of impulse formation or disorders of impulse conduction(block) |
| intrinsic rates of SA, AV, ventricle | SA-60-100, AV-40-60, V 20-40 |
| The dominant pacemaker of the heart | The fastest one, normally SA node. If it slows down or any other speeds up than the new fastest one takes over and becomes dominant |
| P wave | depolarization of Atria(both) |
| P-R segment | after atrial depol. elect impulse spreads to the AV node, bundle of HIS, and bundle branches...flat line recorded, from end of p wave to beg. of qrs complex |
| PR interval | includes P wave and PR segment represents the time of transmission of elect. impulse from atria to ventricle |
| QRS complex | Ventricular depolarization |
| ST segment | end of the qrs to the beg of the t wave. Earlier phase of repolarization, of both vent. flat isoelectric line. |
| J point | point where the st segment joins the qrs complex |
| T wave | later vent repolarization |
| QT interval | beg. of Q wave to the end of T wave |
| What does each lead of an electrocardiogram record? | The difference in potential between the 2 connected limbs |
| What are the bipolar leads?and where are + and - | I, II, and III Right arm(-) Left arm(+)foot(+) |
| lead I | 2 arms |
| Lead II | right arm=>left leg |
| lead III | left arm=>left leg |
| how many frontal leads and how many precordial? | 6 and 6 |
| ___of the frontal leads are bipolar and ___are unipolar | 3 and 3 |
| How do the unipolar leads work | connect all 3 extremities to a central terminal connected to an explorer electrode, place exploring elect on one limb it'll record the potential at the root of that limb |
| on unipolar leads if the connection if the connection between the central lead and the explorer electrode is lost what happens? | The signal is amplified, which gives you avr(right arm), avl(left arm), and avf(left leg) (a=amplified) |
| How many seconds are represented in a horizontal box? | .04second |
| How many mV are represented in a verticle box? | .1mV |
| T or F The only purpose of the R leg lead is to ground the system | True |
| The Q wave is always____ | negative |
| The R wave is always___ | positive |
| The S wave is always____ | negative |
| placement of precordial lead V1 | 4th ICS R sternum |
| placement of precordial lead V2 | 4th ICS L sternum |
| placement of precordial lead V3 | midway btwn 2 and 4 |
| placement of precordial lead V4 | midclavicular line 5th ICS |
| placement of precordial lead V5 | level of v4 anterior axillary line |
| placement of precordial lead V6 | level of V5 midaxillary line |
| Normal Sinus Rhythm | 60-100bpm, each complex complete, and all intervals within normal limits |
| Sinus arrhythmia | variation in HR synchronized with breathing, slowing with exp and accelerating with insp. All intervals except R-R within normal limits, complete complexes, 60-100 bpm |
| Sinus Brady | <60bpm. all mcomplexes complete, all intervals except rate within normal limits |
| sinus tach | 100-160bpm, complexes complete and intervals in normal limits |
| PAC | ectopic beat that occur in the context of other rhythms. Teh p waves are smaller or peaked and the qrs may be normal or conducted differently |
| A flutter | rapid fireing of an ectopic focus, atrial rte 240-360bpm, no P waves, F waves instead, ventricular rate depends on conduction ratio (60-100)complexes incomplete, t wave buried in F wave |
| A Fib | f waves uncoordinated fast atrial activity (350-600bpm)ventricular rate (100-160bpm)irregular R-R |
| junctional Rhythm(nodal) | from the AV node 40-60bpm,no preceding P waves(from AV) retrograde atrial depolarization makes them inverted either before or after the qrs or not at all. |
| SVT | 160-250bpm complete complexes, p waves may be absent or buried in the preceding complex |
| V tach | 100-250bpm qrs >.12 sec |
| 1st degree AVB | PR int longer than .20sec (fixed), all coming from atria |
| 2nd degree AVB Type I (mobitz I/wenckebach) | PR interval lengthens until it eventually drops a QRS |
| 2nd degree AVB Type II (mobitz II) | PR int constant and normal.. some p waves not followed by qrs b/c complex is blocked |
| 3rd degree AVB | no relationship btwn p waves and qrs complexes atrial rate 60-100bpm, vent rate 20-40bpm |
| T or F AV dissociation is a primary disorder | False, It is always a result of a basic disturbance in impulse formation or conduction |
| In a pace maker I means | Inhibited- the charge is supressed b/c it senses the patients own intrinsic beat |
| In a pacer T means | Triggered- |
| In a pacer O means | none (DOO) has no sensing |
| first position | chamber placed |
| second position | chamber sensed |
| Third position | response to sensing, if any |
| #1 reason for pacer insertion | sick sinus syndrome |
| VAT | Wire in the ventrical Atrial triggered, ventricular paced beat. always follow a p wave at a fixed interval |
| Ventricular triggered | The blip is on not immed. before the QRS of a natural beat. If no qrs is sensed , the pacer delivers an impulse at the end of the interval corresponding ro rhe programmed rate |
Created by:
jenbirne69
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