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Chapter 27
People and Nations: World War II
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How did technology change warfare at sea | Better submarines and torpedoes, as well as developments in anti-submarine technology: ASDIC (sonar) and radar. Aircraft carriers helped to control the seas. |
| How did technology change warfare on land | Panzer tanks, including the Tiger tank, were developed by Germany. The Allies developed dummy tanks and amphibious tanks. Improvements were made to grenades, pistols, machine guns, e.g. MG 42. |
| How did technology change warfare in the air? | Hurricanes and Spitfires used Rolls Royce engines. The US developed the B-29 Superfortress long-range bomber. Germany invented the first fighter jet, called the Messerschmitt. The V1 and V2 long-range rockets were invented. |
| Why was the atomic bomb developed? | The US feared that Germany would be the first to invent the atomic bomb, so an intensive research project codenamed the Manhattan Project was begun and the atomic bomb was successfully tested in 1945. |
| Describe how new technology impacted on soldiers | Fighting was no longer confined to a particular area and units and fronts could move rapidly. The new technology and its greater destructive power meant that World War II killed roughly 20 million soldiers. |
| Describe how new technology impacted on civilians | War came to civilians in a way it hadn’t before; cities (e.g. Warsaw, Dresden, Coventry, Leningrad) were destroyed, 38–55 million civilians were killed. |
| What was the Blitzkrieg | The Blitzkrieg was a tactic of surprise attack beginning with heavy bombing of an area by the German air force (Luftwaffe), followed closely by Panzer tanks and finally by the infantry. |
| What was The Maginot Line | The Maginot Line was a series of fortifications along the French–German border. |
| What was Operation Dynamo | Operation Dynamo was the Allied evacuation of about 350,000 soldiers from the beaches at Dunkirk. |
| What was the Battle of Britain | The Battle of Britain was the campaign of aerial attacks on Britain by the Luftwaffe. |
| What was the Blitz | The Blitz was the Luftwaffe switched its focus to bombing British cities at night-time. |
| What was scorched death | Scorched earth was a tactic of destroying anything useful to the enemy while moving through an area (crops, roads, bridges, railways and communication lines). |
| How was Poland conquered so quickly? | Blitzkrieg tactics were new when Poland was conquered. The German Luftwaffe took the Polish air force by surprise on the ground and destroyed it, then destroyed transportation lines. Panzer tanks then cut the Polish army off from its resources |
| What was the Phoney War? | The Phoney War was a kind of waiting game on the Western front, when no fighting took place for eight months even though the British and French were facing the Germans, who were waiting behind their fortification, the Siegfried Line. |
| Describe how Germany invaded France. | Germany invaded France by going around the end of the Maginot Line and using tanks to roll through the wooded, hilly terrain of the Ardennes, which the French thought would be impossible to cross. |
| Why was France so easily defeated in 1940? | France was easily defeated in 1940 because it was caught by surprise. The sudden advancement of Germany drove a wedge between the British Expeditionary Force and the French army. The BEF soldiers were pushed back to Dunkirk and trapped. |
| What was Operation Dynamo? | Operation Dynamo was the Allied evacuation of about 35,000 soldiers from the beaches at Dunkirk over the course of nine days. |
| What was Vichy France? | Vichy France was the unoccupied ‘free zone’, where a Nazi puppet government was set up in the town of Vichy. |
| Explain the term the Blitz. | The Blitz was the bombing of British cities at night-time. It lasted for eight months, until May 1941. |
| Describe what life was like for people in wartime Britain. | Life in wartime Britain was difficult. Thousands of homes were destroyed, and children from the cities were sent to stay with families in the countryside.There were food shortages and ration books were introduced for tea, milk, eggs, sugar, butter |
| What was Operation Barbarossa? | Operation Barbarossa was the codename for Germany’s invasion of the Soviet Union, beginning on 22 June 1941. |
| Why did Hitler invade the USSR? | Hitler invaded the USSR because he wanted to expand his Lebensraum to the east; because he hated communism and wanted to destroy it; and because to Hitler the Slavic peoples were naturally inferior and should be defeated by Aryans. |
| What effect did the winter of 1941 have on the German invasion? | The winter of 1941 had a disastrous effect on the German invasion. The Germans were not prepared for the extreme low temperatures and many froze to death. Petrol froze and engines wouldn’t start and the better-equipped Soviet army counterattacked. |
| Why was the Battle of Stalingrad a major turning point in the war? | It was a significant turning point because it was the first major defeat for the Germany forces on land, and showed that Hitler could be beaten, which inspired others. |
| What happened at Pearl Harbor and what effect did it have? | At Pearl Harbor in December 1941, Japan launched a surprise attack without declaring war and attempted to destroy the entire American Pacific fleet. the US joined World War II and sent troops and weapons to fight the Axis powers in Europe |
| Who was the US President at this time? | The US President at the time was Franklin D. Roosevelt. |
| What was the Battle of the Atlantic? | The Battle of the Atlantic was when German U-boats torpedoed Allied ships to prevent supplies reaching Britain from across the Atlantic. From 1942, the US navy began guarding Atlantic shipping and added more men and supplies to the war effort. |
| What was the impact of the US entering the war? | The impact of the US entering the war was that the Allies now had more men, supplies and help than before. This would help the Allies win the war. |
| Explain the term Operation Overlord. | Operation Overlord was the codename for the landing of roughly 156,000 US, British and Canadian troops on five beaches in Normandy, France on D-Day. |
| Describe the D-Day landings. Why were they successful? | The D-Day landings took place as part of Operation Overlord on 6 June 1944, when over 7,000 ships and landing crafts invaded France, landing on five beaches . The landings were a success because most of the German troops were stationed in Calais |
| Describe the D-Day landings. Why were they successful? | where they thought the invasion was going to happen. |
| What other successes did the Allies have after the liberation of Paris? | After the liberation of Paris, Allied successes included: destroying German war production in cities such as Hamburg and Berlin and in the Ruhr Valley; Operation Bagration and victory at the Battle of the Bulge |
| What effect did the bombings have on Germany? | The bombings damaged Germany’s war production and killed a large number of civilians, including almost 25,000 in Dresden alone in an immense firestorm. |
| What was the Battle of the Bulge? Why did the Germans think it would be a success? | The Battle of the Bulge was the final offensive, again through the Ardennes; however, the Germans were exhausted and were defeated by January 1945. They had thought they could repeat the success of the 1940 attack. |
| How did World War II draw to an end? | World War II drew to an end when German soldiers were unable to halt the Russian and Allied troops. Many German cities such as Berlin and Dresden were destroyed. In March 1945, the Allies crossed the River Rhine into western Germany. |
| How did World War II draw to an end? | The USSR began to attack Berlin. Hitler committed suicide and was succeeded by Admiral Dönitz, who surrendered. Japan surrendered in August 1945, after the US dropped atomic bombs on two Japanese cities. |
| Why did the Allies win the war? | Reasons the Allies won the war: the ‘Big Three’ alliance of Britain, the US and the USSR; Germany was weakened by fighting a war on two fronts; the Allies gained control of the air; the Red Army defeated the German army on land; and Hitler interfered |
| How did World War II impact Germany | Death toll, loss of loved ones, land and cities were destroyed, trials of war criminals and executions, etc. |
| How did World War II impact Europe | The EEC was set up in 1957, many cities destroyed, huge death toll, loss of loved ones, millions of refugees/ displaced people, industries had to be rebuilt, countries in Eastern Europe came under USSR control, etc. |
| How did World War II impact the US and USSR | Had become the most powerful countries in the world; tensions would soon develop, leading to the Cold War. |
| How did World War II impact the wider world | The United Nations was established in 1945, replacing the League of Nations. |
Created by:
JMahango
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