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Imperialism Test
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Manifest Destiny | The belief that the US had a god-given right to expand its territory and influence. (similar to imperialism) |
| Alaska (1867) (purchased from where, what motive) | The US purchased Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million or 2 cents for every acre (economic motives *trade*). |
| Who purchased Alaska | US Secretary of State William H Seward made the purchase and was heavily criticized by the public for it. |
| Public name for the Alaska purchase | It became known as “Seward’s Folly” and “Seward’s Icebox.” Many people believed that Alaska did not serve a purpose to the US because they saw it as a wasteland. |
| What happened in Alaska 1898 | In 1898 gold was found during the gold rush, drawing more people to the region who found many natural resources |
| Why was Alaska purchased | Alaska was more convenient for trading with the East due to location. |
| Cuban Revolution (1868)/Ten Years War | The Cuban Junta supported Cuban rebels, but tensions between these rebels weakened the movement and led to the end of the Ten Years War. Its most serious problem was that it could not organize around one overall goal. Cause of the Spanish-American War. |
| Cuban Rev. causes | The Madrid government created the Junta de Informacion to respond to Cuban nationalist complaints, but the Spanish government only increased taxes and banned reformist meetings in Cuba. |
| Who led the Cuban Rev. | Carlos Manuel de Cespedes, a sugar planter. |
| The Cespedes Constitution of 1869 | Created to abolish slavery and annex Cuba to the U.S. |
| Spanish-American War (1898) | Only 379/5,000 deaths were from the war. Yellow fever played a part in many deaths. Only lasted 4 months. The rough riders led to the win at the Battle at San Juan Hill, which was a turning point. |
| Spanish-American War Causes | Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines were Spanish colonies in Latin America. America didn’t support the Spanish’s rule in the West, so Monroe Doctrine was created. They believed they were threatening American safety. The Ten Years War/Cuban Rev. |
| The Monroe Doctrine | It warned European powers against colonizing in the West. |
| General “Butcher” Weyler | sent Cubans into concentration camps while trying to suppress the Cuban Revolution. |
| Spanish-American War Causes (part 2) | US invested in Cuban Sugar. The USS Maine Explosion (led to yellow journalism) |
| Battle at San Juan Hill | Spanish troops were pushed further inland and on July 16th, the Spaniards surrendered 23,500 troops. |
| Spanish-American War effects | Treaty of Paris of 1898 Spain gives Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines to the US. Cuba becomes independent (led to Platt Amendment) |
| Hawaii (1898) | President McKinley annexed Hawaii (economic motives).It allowed America more access to the markets in the East (China, Philippines, Japan). The US also began the Sugar and Pineapple trade. In 1959, Hawaii was admitted as a US state. |
| What kind of government was already in place in Hawaii | There was an imperial government in place, but the US supported Dole’s rebellion and overthrow of Queen Liliuokalani |
| Yellow Journalism (1898) | Embellishing newspaper articles without much fact to back it up. |
| William Randolph Hearst's role in yellow journalism | The "father of Yellow Journalism" because of his newspapers that encouraged Americans to go to war with Spain, and his leading role in the war because of it. |
| Rough Riders (1898) | Roosevelt commanded the "Rough Riders" at San Juan Hill. It was the first volunteer brigade. Fought at the Battle of San Juan Hill (1898). |
| Philippine American War (1899) Cause | During the Treaty of Paris of 1898, the Philippines became a US territory. 2 months after the Treaty was signed, the Philippines demanded independence. The US disagreed and started the war. |
| Emilio Aguinaldo | He fought with the US in the Spanish-American War. He sank 6 Spanish Ships. He sent Fillipino aid to Cubans and Americans He believed the Treaty of Paris was bad. |
| Philippine American War casualties | The US had 7,000 casualties, but the Fillipinos had 20,000 from the military and 200,000 civilian casualties. |
| US tactics in the Philippine American War | The US used concentration camps, targeting anyone who could be a “FIlipino rebel.” Water Cure Interrogation. Total Warfare/Scorched Earth Policy |
| Water Cure Interrogation | Used to get information out of Filipinos. Lots of water was forced down their throats, then they were gagged and beaten. |
| Total Warfare/Scorched Earth Policy | They did not avoid attacking civilians. Villages were burned They killed anyone who could have been an insurgent/enemy. |
| Philippine American War effects | The Philippines became a military base for the US in the Pacific Ocean. America wanted to “Americanize” Filipinos. The Philippines gained independence in 1946. |
| Open Door Policy (1899) | It wanted all countries to have equal trade with China.“Everyone wins” (economic motive). Created by American Businessmen who wanted “in.” China got to keep its independence. Did not get broken into European colonies. |
| Boxer Rebellion (1899) | Made up of boxers/martial artists. They were anti-christain and anti-foreigners. Christianity and westernization was viewed poorly and as “joining the enemy.” |
| 2nd open door | The US becomes the police power for the Open Doors Policy in China. |
| Platt Amendment(1903) | Created after the Treaty of Paris of 1898, when Cuba became independent. Cuba’s rights about making treaties were limited. The US military occupied Cuba. |
| Panama Canal (1914) | Takes 4 weeks to sail all the way around South America, but 10 hours through the Panama Canal. Ships are lifted 25 meters to get over the mountain range. A ship has to go through 6 lock chambers. Costs $250,000 to get through. |
| Who owned the Panama before | Columbia used to own Panama before the canal was built. |
| Which issues spread during the making of the Panama Canal | malaria, mudslides, and yellow fever spread |
| Why did the US pick Panama | The U.S. picked Panama because they wanted to succeed in an area where the French already started. |
| Purpose of the canal | It helps ships carrying goods to travel across countries weeks faster than it would have without it. This greatly increases the speed of deliveries to consumers and companies. |
| US gained access to the canal by... | The United States gained access by agreeing to support Panema if they decided to rebel. |
| What did President Jimmy Carter decide over the Panama Canal's ownership | President Jimmy Carter granted Panama ownership rights over the canal as long as it remained neutral. |
| Schools of thought | the motivation for American imperialism. |
| Imperialism | Imperialism is the policy of growing a country’s power and influence. Military or diplomatic force is used. |
| Economic motives | It was usually driven by the desire for raw materials (rubber, petroleum, oil). Includes the search for different markets. |
| Political and military motives | Motivation to have the best Navy. Overall feelings of patriotism and nationalism in the country. Motivation to be a dominant world power by taking control of other countries. |
| Cultural motives | It was driven by the moral duty to spread aspects of Western civilization (westernization) They spread medicine, law, and the Christian religion. |
| Social Darwinism | It supported ideas of “survival of the fittest.” America believed it was the best and by taking over other countries humans were improving. |
| The Big Stick Policy | Theodore Roosevelt. (political and military motives). Countries in the Western Hemisphere were “too weak to defend themselves.” International police power to protect America and the weak nations in the Western Hemisphere. |
| What was the Big Stick Policy an extension of | the Monroe Doctrine/called the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. |
| Dollar Diplomacy | William Howard Taft (economic motive) encouraged and protected American trade in Asia and Latin America. It was created to support American interests and limit overseas forces. |
| What did the US continue to do during dollar diplomacy | use military force and funded a new government in Nicaragua. US troops were kept in Nicaragua until 1933. |
| Moral Diplomacy | Woodrow Wilson (political and military motives)wanted the US to use its large amount of power to focus on “constitutional liberty” around the world.The right for the people to decide their own government was introduced into foreign policy. |
| Moral Diplomacy was based on which parties ideals | based on democratic ideals instead of force or economics. |
| What did Wilson want to prove to Latin America | Wilson wanted to prove to Latin America that they were willing to be equals and not only act in their own interest. |
| Where did Wilson send troops | the Dominican Republic while attempting to maintain his principles. |
| Spheres of Influence | concentrated part of imperialism where a nation is exploiting a section of the world with selfish intent. |
| Where did spheres of influence occur | around the Chinese Empire with British, French, Japanese, Russian, and German areas. |
| Why was China valuable | because of its tea, porcelain, opium, silks, and spices. The Qing Dynasty was also weak. |
| Carl Schurz | a senator who was the main advocate for anti-imperialism. He believed that it would be morally wrong to push America’s views onto another country. |
| Carl Schrurz view on imperialism | it was not worth the amount of money that was being spent. |
Created by:
26forwood
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