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Hydraulics
objective questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Fluid is a substance that | cannot remain at rest under action of any shear force |
| Density of water is maximum at | 4°C |
| Property of a fluid by which its own molecules are attracted is called | cohesion |
| Property of a fluid by which molecules of different kinds of fluids are attracted to each other is called | adhesion |
| The normal stress in a fluid will be constant in all directions at a point only if | it is at rest |
| Specific weight of sea water is more than that of pure water because it contains A. dissolved air B. dissolved salt C. suspended matter D. all of the above | D. all of the above |
| Free surface of a liquid tends to contract to the smallest possible area due to force of | surface tension |
| A liquid would wet the solid, if adhesion forces as compared to cohesion forces are | more |
| Barometer is used to measure | atmospheric pressure |
| Manometer is used to measure | pressure in pipes, channels etc |
| If cohesion between molecules of a fluid is greater than adhesion between fluid and glass, then the free level of fluid in a dipped glass tube will be | lower than the surface of liquid |
| When a fluid is subjected to resistance, it undergoes a volumetric change due to | Compressibility |
| Liquids transmit pressure equally in all the directions. This is according to A. Boyle’s law B. Archimedes principle C. Pascal’s law D. Newton’s formula | C. Pascal’s law |
| The rise or depression of liquid in a tube due to surface tension with an increase in size of tube will | decrease |
| Mercury is often used in barometer because A. it is the best liquid B. the height of barometer will be less C. its vapor pressure is so low that it may be neglected D. both (b) and (c) | D. both (b) and (c) |
| The point in the immersed body through which the resultant pressure of the liquid may be taken to act is known as | center of pressure |
| Which of the following is the correct relation between centroid (cg) and the center of pressure (cp) of a plane submerged in a liquid? A. cg is always below cp B. cp is always below cg C. cg is either at cp or below it D. cp is either at cg or bel | D. cp is either at cg or below it |
| The total pressure force on a plane area is equal to the area multiplied by the intensity of pressure at the centroid, if A. the area is horizontal B. the area is vertical C. the area is inclined D. all of the above | D. all of the above |
| Choose the wrong statement C. The vertical component of the hydrostatic force on any surface is equal to the weight of the volume of the liquid above the area D. The vertical component passes through the center of pressure of the volume | D. The vertical component passes through the center of pressure of the volume |
| Center of pressure on an inclined plane is A. at the centroid B. above the centroid C. below the centroid D. at metacenter | B. below the centroid |
| Can center of pressure for a vertical plane submerged surface be ever be above center of gravity? | No |
| In a vertically submerged plane surface, pressure at every point remains same. True or false? | False |
| For an inclined plate the pressure intensity at every point differs. True or false? | True |
| The magnitude of total pressure and center of pressure is independent of the shape of the submerged plane surface. True or false? | False |
| What is the variation of total pressure with depth for any submerged surface if we neglect variation in the density? | Linear |
| The resultant upward pressure of a fluid on a floating body is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body. This definition is according to | Archimedes’ principle |
| The resultant upward pressure of the fluid on an immersed body is called | buoyant force |
| What is the principal cause of action of buoyant force on a body submerged partially or fully in fluid? | Displacement of fluid due to submerged body |
| The center of gravity of the volume of the liquid displaced by an immersed body is called | center of buoyancy |
| The horizontal component of buoyant force is | zero |
| The line of action of the buoyant force acts through the | centroid of the displaced volume of fluid |
| Which is wrong? B. Buoyant force is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced C. The point through which buoyant force acts, is called the center of buoyancy D. Center of buoyancy is located above the center of gravity of the displaced liqui | D. Center of buoyancy is located above the center of gravity of the displaced liquid |
| According to the principle of buoyancy a body totally or partially immersed in a fluid will be lifted up by a force equal to | weight of the fluid displaced by the body |
| How can relatively denser object be made to float on the less dense fluid? | By altering the shape |
| The conditions for the stable equilibrium of a floating body are A. the metacenter should lie above the center of gravity B. the center of buoyancy and the center of gravity must lie on the same vertical line C. a righting couple should be formed | all the above |
| Metacentric height is given as the distance between | the center of gravity of the body and the meta center |
| Metacenter is the point of intersection of | buoyant force and the center line of body |
| When a body floating in a liquid, is displaced slightly, it oscillates about | metacenter |
| When the ship’s metacenter and center of gravity coincide at same point then the vessel is said to be in | neutral equilibrium |
| Energy gradient line takes into consideration | potential, kinetic and pressure heads |
| Hydraulic gradient line takes into consideration | potential and pressure heads only |
| Which of the following is true? A. EGL always drops in the direction of flow B. EGL always rises in the direction of flow C. EGL always remains constant in the direction of flow D. EGL may or may not change in the direction of flow | EGL always drops in the direction of flow |
| Which of the following is true? A. HGL will never be above EGL B. HGL will never be under EGL C. HGL will never coincide with EGL D. HGL will may or may not be above EGL | HGL will never be above EGL |
| The vertical intercept between EGL and HGL is equal to | kinetic head |
| The slope of HGL will be | equal than that of EGL for a pipe of uniform cross-section |
| Equation of continuity is based on the principle of conservation of | mass |
| Bernoulli’s equation deals with the law of conservation of | energy |
| All the terms of energy in Bernoulli’s equation have dimension of | length |
| The losses of energy in pipes due to A. Friction of surface B. Sudden enlargement or contraction of area C. Any obstruction in the path of flow D. All of these | D. all of these |
| The major loss of energy in long pipes is due to | friction |
| Which of the following is a major loss? A. frictional loss B. shock loss C. entry loss D. exit loss | A. frictional loss |
| Minor losses occur due to A. sudden enlargement in the pipe B. sudden contraction in the pipe C. bends in pipe D. all of the above | all of the above |
| Minor losses do not make any serious effect in | long pipes |
| In series – pipe problems A. the head loss is same through each pipe B. the discharge is same through each pipe C. a trial solution is not necessary D. the discharge through each pipe is added to obtain total discharge | B. the discharge is same through each pipe |
| Describe discharge through parallel pipes | The rate of discharge in the main line is equal to the sum of discharges in each of the parallel pipes |
| A. head loss and discharge are same in two systems B. length of pipe and discharge are same in two systems C. friction factor and length are same in two systems D. length and diameter are same in two systems | A. head loss and discharge are same in two systems |
| The ratio of absolute viscosity to mass density is known as | kinematic viscosity |
| The magnitude of water hammer effect in a pipe depends on A. speed at which the valve is closed B. length of the pipe C. elastic properties of the pipe material D. all of the above | D. all of the above |
| The phenomenon of water hammer takes place in pipes when A. water is suddenly accelerated by opening the valve B. fluid is moving with high head C. pressure is reduced to zero D. fluid is suddenly brought to rest by closing the valve | D. when fluid is suddenly brought to rest by closing the valve |
| Water hammer pressure can be considerably reduced using A. slow closing valves B. rapid closing valves C. both slow and rapid closing valves D. none of the avalves | A. slow closing valves |
| The ratio of inertia force and gravitational force is called as _____ | Froude’s number |
| Which geometric parameter determines the efficiency of the channel? | Hydraulic radius |
| For a channel to be economic which of the following parameters should be minimum? A. Wetted perimeter B. Wetted area C. Section factor D. Hydraulic depth | A. Wetted perimeter |
| What is the depth of flow in case most economical circular section considering maximum velocity? | 0.81D |
| Differential manometer is used to measure | Difference of pressure between two points |
| Non uniform flow occurs when | Velocity, depth, pressure, etc. change from point to point in the fluid flow |
| When a tube of smaller diameter is dipped in water, the water rises in the tube with an upward __________ surface. | concave |
| The tendency of a liquid surface to contract is due to the following property | Surface tension |
| The pressure measured with the help of a pressure gauge is called | Gauge pressure |
| Capillary action is due to A. Surface tension B. Cohesion of the liquid C. Adhesion of the liquid molecules and the molecules on the surface of a solid D. All of the above | D. All of the above |
| The intensity of pressure on an immersed surface __________ with the increase in depth | increases |
| Free surface of a liquid behaves like a sheet and tends to contract to smallest possible area due to the A. Force of adhesion B. Force of cohesion C. Force of friction D. Force of diffusion | Force of cohesion |
| The hydraulic gradient line lies over the centre line of the pipe by an amount equal to the A. Pressure head B. Velocity head C. Pressure head + velocity head D. Pressure head - velocity head | Pressure head |
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