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Cold War & Communism
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Chinese Communism | Chinese Communist leader Mao Zedong declared the creation of the People’s Republic of China. The announcement ended the costly full-scale civil war between the Chinese Communist Party and the Nationalist Party |
| Chinese Nationalism | The Kuomintang is a Chinese political party that ruled mainland China from 1927 to 1949 prior to its relocation to Taiwan as a result of the Chinese Civil War. |
| Mao Zedong | Mao Zedong was a Chinese politician, Marxist theorist, military strategist, and revolutionary who was the founder of the People's Republic of China. He led the country while also serving as the chairman of the Chinese Communist Party during that time |
| Taiwan | The ROC government moved to Taiwan in 1949 while fighting a war with the CCP. Since then, the ROC has continued to exercise effective jurisdiction over the main island of Taiwan, leaving Taiwan and China each under the rule of a different government. |
| Great Leap Forward | a five-year economic plan executed by Mao Zedong and the Chinese Communist Party. The goal was to modernize the country's agricultural sector using communist economic ideologies. It was mostly a failure. |
| Cultural Revolution | Its stated goal was to preserve Chinese communism by purging remnants of capitalist and traditional elements from Chinese society. Though it failed to achieve its main objectives, it marked the effective return of Mao to the center of power |
| Red Guard | The Red Guards were a mass, student-led, paramilitary social movement mobilized by Chairman Mao Zedong |
| Deng Xiaoping | The reforms carried out by Deng and his allies gradually led China away from a planned economy and Maoist ideologies, opened it up to foreign investments and technology, and introduced its vast labor force to the global market |
| Four Modernizations | The Four Modernizations were goals formally announced by China's first Premier Zhou Enlai to strengthen the fields of agriculture, industry, defense, and science and technology in China |
| Juche | Juche posits that a country will prosper once it has become self-reliant by achieving political, economic, and military independence. |
| 3 Parts of North Korea's Government | The North Korean government consists of three branches: administrative, legislative, and judicial. However, they are not independent of each other, but all branches are under the exclusive political leadership of the Workers' Party of Korea |
| North vs. South Korea | North Korea has a single-party communist system. The ruling party has control over the government and economy. South Korea has a multi-party democratic system, with regular elections and a separation of powers |
| Zionism | a movement for (originally) the re-establishment and (now) the development and protection of a Jewish nation in what is now Israel. It was established as a political organization in 1897 under Theodor Herzl, and was later led by Chaim Weizmann |
| Arab Nationalism | Arab nationalism is a movement of long standing, with great emotional appeal, aimed at a renaissance of the Arab peoples and the restoration of their sovereignty, unity, power, and prestige |
| Balfour Declaration | a public statement issued by the British Government in 1917 during the First World War announcing its support for the establishment of a "national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine |
| UN Partition Plan | the United Nations voted for the partition of the British Mandate of Palestine, calling for the formation of a Jewish state and an Arab state |
| Oslo Accords | A pivotal milestone in Israeli-Palestinian relations, aimed at propelling the peace process forward and providing for the expansion of Palestinian self-rule throughout most of the West Bank |
| Mujahideen | guerrilla fighters in Islamic countries, especially those who are fighting against non-Muslim forces |
| Taliban | a brutal, fundamentalist religious group that held power over most of Afghanistan during the late 1990s |
| Al Qaeda | Al-Qaeda definition: a radical Sunni Muslim organization dedicated to the elimination of a Western presence in Arab countries |
| Perestroika | Reforming the economic and political system of the communist state to minimise corruption and bureaucracy |
| Glasnost | a policy that called for increased transparency and freedom of speech in the Soviet Union |
| Berlin Wall | The Berlin Wall was built by the German Democratic Republic during the Cold War to prevent its population from escaping Soviet-controlled East Berlin to West Berlin |
| Mikhail Gorbachev | Gorbachev helped take down the long-standing Iron Curtain separating Eastern communist states and Western noncommunist states |
| Boris Yeltslin | He transformed Russia's command economy into a capitalist market economy. Economic downturn, volatility and inflation ensued. |
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