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Unit 9 vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| federalism | a system in which a national and local government share power |
| separation of powers | the division of function of government among the branches in order to prevent any one branch from having too much power |
| checks and balances | a system in which each branch of government has the power to block the actions of others |
| bicameral | the two houses of the legislative branch, the senate and house of representatives |
| bill | a proposed law |
| balanced budget | condition that exists when the government spends only as much money as it takes in |
| line-item veto | the power to veto parts of a bill and approve others |
| martial law | temporary rule by the military |
| pardon | a release from punishment for a crime |
| capital offenses | crimes that can be punished by death |
| grand jury | a group of at least 12 citizens who determine if there is enough evidence to go against a defendant to justify a trial |
| indictment | a formal charge of wrong doing |
| plea bargain | an agreement between the state and the defendant in a criminal trial |
| precint | a district within a county,town, or city |
| republicanism | a republic is a form of government in which the individual citizens choose people to represent their interest in the government |
| citizens | a member of a nation that is entitled to full rights |
| naturalized | the condition of having become a citizen by meeting certain requirements |
| patriotism | the love for one's country; the passion which aims to serve one's country, either from invasion, or protecting its rights and maintaining its laws and institutions in vigor and purity. Patriotism is the characteristics of a good citizen |
| Campaign | an effort to win an elected office |
| Political parties | groups that seek to gain power by electing candidates to office |
| Urbanization | movement of people from farms and rural areas into the cities |
| Juneteenth | a celebration held on June 19th to commemorate the time in 1865 when slaves in Texas learned they were officially free |
| Assimilate | to absorb a smaller culture or group into a larger one |
| Undocumented | an undocumented immigrant does not have the documents needed to legally enter, live, or work in a country |
| Franchise | the right to own a professional sports team |
| Folklore | the stories or beliefs of a people that get passed down through the years |
| Bilingual | able to speak two languages |
| Aquifer | an underground layer of porous rock that yields water through springs and wells |
| Ogallala Aquifer | accounts for 90 percent of the water supplied to Texas aquifers |
| Desalination | the process of turning ocean water into drinkable fresh water by removing the salt |
| Petroleum | the substance that provides oil,gasoline, and other fuels |
| Medicaid | a federal health insurance program. Ran by the states, but funded by the federal government, provides free health care for poor Americans |
| Al Qaeda | an islamist terrorist group that hijacked the 4 plane son september 11th 2001. They continue to threaten the safety of many nations, including the US |
| Osama Bin Laden | the prime suspect and leader of 9/11 and was being hidden by the taliban who was not killed unit 2011 |
| Weapons of Mass Destruction | nuclear weapons and chemical weapons used during war |
| Insurgency | a group of rebels or revolutionaries that resist peace or the system of government |
| Middle East | home of the rebels or revolutionaries that resists peace or the system of the government |
| Recession | bad economics crisis that started in 2007 with a rise in the unemployment percentage. Incomes, stocks, and housing values dropped significantly |
| Trafficking | Trading or dealing goods or services, usually of an illegal nature |
| Urban sprawl | Urbans areas spreading fast as their population grew making it difficult to build mass transit systems and infrastructure |
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